LED’s don’t get their colour from their plastic covers. The blue LED was supposed to be impossible—until a young engineer proposed a moon-shot idea.

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I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

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How a feud in Russia led to modern prediction algorithms.
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▀▀▀
A huge thank you to Brian Hayes, David Aldous, Geoff Engelstein, Jeffrey Rosenthal, Jimmy He, Mark Priestley, Michael Choi, Peter Norvig, Sam Power, and Thomas Haigh for their invaluable expertise and contributions to this video.

And a special thank you to Madeline Johnson for her excellent fact-checking.

▀▀▀
0:00 The Law of Large Numbers
4:37 What is a Markov Chain?
9:43 Ulam and Solitaire
12:21 Nuclear Fission
15:46 The Monte Carlo Method
16:32 The first search engines
19:07 Google is born
25:16 How does predictive text work?
27:10 Are Markov chains memoryless?
29:41 How to perfectly shuffle a deck of cards

▀▀▀
References:
https://ve42.co/RefsMarkov

Images & Video:
https://ve42.co/7Z

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Ibby Hadeed, JT, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Meekay, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, TTST, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee

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Writers: Kaela Albert, Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Producer & Director: Kaela Albert
Editors: Peter Nelson & Jack Saxon
Camera Operators: Gabe Strong, Gregor Cavlovic & Derek Muller
Animator: Andrew neet, Emma Wright, Fabio Albertelli & Ivy Trello
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Researchers: Darius Garewal, Gabe Strong & Emilia Gyles
Thumbnail Designers: Ren Hurley & Ben Powell
Production Team: Rob Beasley Spence, Casper Mebius, Sulli Yost and Henry Van Dyck
Executive Producers: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

All animals jump to about roughly the same height, but why is this? Aren’t some animals bigger and stronger than others?

The core allegation—that Jeffrey Epstein maintained deep, documented relationships with intelligence figures, potentially including Mossad—carries implications beyond victim justice. It suggests foreign entities could exert undue influence on US foreign policy, with Israel as the most probable actor given Epstein’s associations with Ehud Barak, Les Wexner, and Robert Maxwell’s alleged intelligence legacy. Former Mossad operative Ari Ben-Menashe has stated Epstein operated within Israeli intelligence circles, a claim echoed in reports from Vanity Fair and others, though denied by figures like Naftali Bennett. This creates strategic tension: if true, policy responsiveness to foreign governments risks national sovereignty, amplified by Epstein’s investments in surveillance tech like Carbyne.

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I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

#Tesla #elonmusk #twitter #tsla #TeslaNews #TeslaFSD #TeslaFSDBeta #teslastockanalysis #TeslaUpdate #investing #ElonMuskNews #teslanews #EV #FSD #investing

Intelligence entanglements dictate what scandals surface and which remain buried, as evidenced by the Wall Street Journal’s release of Trump’s peculiar letter to Epstein—complete with a naked woman sketch—from Justice Department files. The timing aligns with Maureen Comey’s departure as a top Epstein and Maxwell prosecutor, fueling theories of tipped documents and Trump’s pivot to blaming her father, James Comey, for orchestrating hoaxes. Yet the Biden administration’s restraint underscores a deeper framework: disrupting ties with Israeli intelligence or the CIA carries outsized risks in an era of fragile geopolitical balances. For leaders like Biden or Trump, the cost-benefit analysis favors secrecy over exposure, even when evidence implicates peers.

They Are Here: https://farzad.fm
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I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

#Tesla #elonmusk #twitter #tsla #TeslaNews #TeslaFSD #TeslaFSDBeta #teslastockanalysis #TeslaUpdate #investing #ElonMuskNews #teslanews #EV #FSD #investing

Planned obsolescence, explained. #veritasium #engineeering #lightbulbs

How an unlikely physics paradox controls these counterintuitive structures.

How an unlikely physics paradox controls these counterintuitive structures. Sponsored by Incogni – Use code veritasium at https://incogni.com/veritasium to get an exclusive 60% off.

If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates – https://ve42.co/Newsletter

▀▀▀
A huge thank you to Paul Ducarme and Bas Overvelde at AMOLF for showing us around.
Check out their research on counter-snapping structures here – https://ve42.co/CounterSnapping

For more on Braess’s Paradox, check out these great videos by Up and Atom (https://youtu.be/cALezV_Fwi0) and Steve Mould (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cg73j3QYRJc)

▀▀▀
0:00 What happens if you cut this rope?
1:41 The Spring Paradox
4:59 New York’s Perplexing Discovery
6:29 Road Networks and Traffic Flow
8:40 Braess’s Paradox
14:29 Snapping
17:16 This object shrinks when you stretch it

▀▀▀
References:

Ducarme, P., Weber, B., Hecke, M. van, & Johannes. (2025). Exotic mechanical properties enabled by countersnapping instabilities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – https://ve42.co/CounterSnapping
Braess’s Paradox via Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/BraessWiki
Braess, D., Nagurney, A., & Wakolbinger, T. (2005). On a Paradox of Traffic Planning. Transportation Science – https://ve42.co/Braess2005
Schäfer, B., Pesch, T., Manik, D., Gollenstede, J., Lin, G., Beck, H.-P., … Timme, M. (2022). Understanding Braess’ Paradox in power grids. Nature Communications – https://ve42.co/Schafer2022
Kolata, G. (1990). What if They Closed 42d Street and Nobody Noticed? New York Times – https://ve42.co/Kolata1990
Youn, H., Gastner, M. T., & Jeong, H. (2008). Price of Anarchy in Transportation Networks: Efficiency and Optimality Control. Physical Review Letters – https://ve42.co/Youn2008
Nicolaou, Z. G., & Motter, A. E. (2012). Mechanical metamaterials with negative compressibility transitions. Nature Materials – https://ve42.co/Nicolaou2012
Counter-Snapping replication package – https://ve42.co/CSPackage

Images & Video:

Earth Day Festivities via VHS Music Rarities – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0awPgHjn2nY
Earth Day Speeches – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMDI3kXpeQ8
1990s New York via NYC Nostalgia – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YaFxTw0VqM
42nd Street Closure via Trainluvr – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gELde63Fzio
42nd Street Traffic Operator – https://ve42.co/NYCTraffic
Dietrich Braess via opc.mfo.de – https://ve42.co/BraessOPC
Dietrich Braess via Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/BraessWikiPic
Belt Buckle via Mingda Hardware – https://ve42.co/BeltBuckle

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Charles Ian Norman Venn, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, JT, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures, and wolfee

▀▀▀
Writers: Gregor Čavlović & Derek Muller
Producer & Director: Gregor Čavlović
Editors: James Stuart & Trenton Oliver
Camera Operators: Sander Mook, Dylan Meanwell, Fabio Albertelli, Casper Mebius & Gregor Čavlović
Animator: Fabio Albertelli
Illustrator: Jakub Misiek
Additional Editor: Peter Nelson & James Horsley
Researchers: Darius Garewal & Gabe Strong
Thumbnail Designers: Ren Hurley & Ben Powell
Production Team: Rob Beasley Spence, Tori Brittain & Matthew Cavanagh
Executive Producers: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5.
Music from Epidemic Sound

I took a boat through 96 million black plastic balls on the Los Angeles reservoir to find out why they’re there.

The first time I heard about shade balls the claim was they reduce evaporation.

But it turns out this isn’t the reason they were introduced.