There is a riddle that is so counterintuitive, it still seems wrong even if you know the answer.

The 100 prisoners problem – comment your answer!

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Use my referral link to purchase a Tesla product https://ts.la/farzad69506

I worked at Tesla starting in July of 2017 as an Operations Analyst out of the Bethlehem, PA distribution center facility and left as a Program Manager based out of Austin, TX as of September 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies based out of Easton, PA. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

http://www.farzadmesbahi.com
http://www.linkedin.com/in/farzadmesbahi
Twitter @farzyness

#Tesla #elonmusk #twitter #tsla #TeslaNews #TeslaFSD #TeslaFSDBeta #teslastockanalysis #TeslaUpdate #investing #ElonMuskNews #teslanews #EV #FSD #investing

Elon Musk: “This Is Insane”
Elon Musk “I Don’t Know Why They Want to Kill Me”
Elon Musk Brutally Honest With Fox Host
Fox Host Didn’t Expect Elon Musk to Say This

How a helicopter built of phone parts survived Mars for 3 years. Use code veritasium at https://incogni.com/veritasium to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan.

Try Snatoms! A molecular modelling kit I invented where the atoms snap together.
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Correction:
0:12, we say that ingenuity is 680g which is its weight on Mars. On Earth however, it weighs around 1800g.

Clarifications:
– A Patreon supporter named Zeus pointed out that we were wrong about Perseverance’s/Ingenuity’s position on Mars. It is in the Northern Hemisphere and hence Mars would be getting closer to the Sun as it goes into winter.
– Ingenuity was on Mars for 1004 Earth days.

Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates – https://ve42.co/Newsletter

▀▀▀
A massive thank you to the team at JPL and especially Teddy Tzanetos, Travis Brown, Håvard Grip and DC Agle

Check out Astrum’s video on Mars – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7mjp7MDx_w

▀▀▀
0:00 How Did Ingenuity Get To Mars?
3:23 Better Results, Bigger Expectations
6:15 Wobblecopter
7:48 Dust On Mars
9:41 What Is The Temperature On Mars?
11:54 Wake-Up Call
13:41 Android To The Rescue
16:22 Cosmic Rays
20:53 Dune and The Crash
25:26 The Next Generation

▀▀▀
References:

Ingenuity Mars Helicopter – NASA Science via science.nasa.gov – https://ve42.co/marsheli2
Ingenuity (helicopter) via Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/wikiheli
Mars Facts | NASA Mars Exploration via science.nasa.gov – https://ve42.co/marsfacts
Inside the Ingenuity Helicopter Teamwork on Mars via insideunmannedsystems.com – https://ve42.co/marscrew
Ingenuity Adapts for Mars Winter Operations via science.nasa.gov – https://ve42.co/marswinter
Ingenuity Is Doing Surprisingly Well via http://www.universetoday.com – https://ve42.co/marswell
Remember NASA’s Little Mars Copter? It’s Still Going Strong via http://www.sciencealert.com – https://ve42.co/marsstrong
How Far Away Is Mars? via http://www.space.com – https://ve42.co/marsdist
Mars Cameras via science.nasa.gov – https://ve42.co/marsorb
Mars Exploration Meeting Documentation via http://www.hou.usra.edu – https://ve42.co/marsmeet
Ingenuity Quick Facts via http://www.jpl.nasa.gov – https://ve42.co/marsquick
Flight 14 Delayed via science.nasa.gov – https://ve42.co/marsspin

Additional References – https://ve42.co/MarsAdRefs

Images & Video:

Images and video from Perseverance and Ingenuity missions supplied by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Matthias (3 axis accelerometer, 3 axis gyroscope) https://youtu.be/yqFfmwVufMo?si=IoCj32PeVNZ4VJ-F
Veritasium. https://youtu.be/ty9QSiVC2g0?si=Gb48I-YjADPbPUsL
The Limiting Factor
https://youtu.be/4-1psMHSpKs?si=LF1jfLLNsBwRfwkB
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/xsUtq8PwZpQ?si=xOC91fdoSHdJndgx
VideoFromSpace. https://youtu.be/Kb0Pc22N6w4?si=4uSUetsSUKFTStme
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/qMbHE_VXI-8?si=TNePbTRpcN3oLEVJ
Veritasium. https://youtu.be/GhsZUZmJvaM?si=IIY0uuDrT-LzY5bI
Sighawke. https://youtu.be/OdKAW_0ENPU?si=18ZXXll3wSMj_Ex3
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/thk4Rha-fTk?si=_elC6Iqm1uaSjEFX
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/PFbzEM8PzHE?si=LmO71EVFqBAn6NEw
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/ia6S1jZmwWc?si=aAFC-BEmGwHIIqH7
JPL Raw. https://youtu.be/uz4GaAE7OMQ?si=7084_GDkrGnSSVTy
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://youtu.be/U7DFnNimSfw?si=JgwO2SNU9HXf3GIa
Apex Clips. https://youtu.be/NttUBB98zg4?si=j1OEQD1VBONTEEPI
Veritasium. https://youtu.be/AaZ_RSt0KP8?si=h7NKzMtJ87HRZ-bB
Cyber Chaos Crew. https://youtu.be/-KFH–_cdiI?si=S5rv8RjTtscu-S22
NBC News. https://youtu.be/lFiTjZDOekg?si=6a43qnPdveHaz6YA

Further image and video credits – https://docs.google.com/document/d/19fkGlnMj86GoISqBuEJbmW5oIpDI-JwDmlM7-iFITzU/edit?usp=sharing

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Autodidactic Studios, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Greg Scopel, HydrochloRick, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, TTST, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee

▀▀▀
Directed by Henry van Dyck
Written by Henry van Dyck
Edited by Trenton Oliver
On-site Interviews by Jonny Hyman
Filming by Alex Gorosh
Produced by Rob Beasley Spence, Tori Brittain, Jonny Hyman, Henry van Dyck, Gabe Strong, Zoe Heron, and Derek Muller
Animated by Emma Wright and Mike Radjabov
Additional Research by Gabe Strong and Darius Garewal
Additional Editing by James Stuart
Thumbnail contributions by Ben Powell, Ren Hurley, Peter Sheppard, Gregor Čavlović and Henry van Dyck

Additional video/photos supplied by NASA JPL, Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

Want to grow your YouTube channel? DM David Carbutt
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The Robots Are Coming https://farzad.fm
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Use my referral code for ElevenLabs AI voice generator: https://try.elevenlabs.io/erm1aiqf3h3n

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Get fit! Mention FARZAD when asking for a quote for a custom-built nutrition and fitness plan: https://www.teamevolveperformance.com/

Join this channel to get access to perks:
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Use my referral link to purchase a Tesla product https://ts.la/farzad69506

I worked at Tesla starting in July of 2017 as an Operations Analyst out of the Bethlehem, PA distribution center facility and left as a Program Manager based out of Austin, TX as of September 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies based out of Easton, PA. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

http://www.farzadmesbahi.com
http://www.linkedin.com/in/farzadmesbahi
Twitter @farzyness

#Tesla #elonmusk #twitter #tsla #TeslaNews #TeslaFSD #TeslaFSDBeta #teslastockanalysis #TeslaUpdate #investing #ElonMuskNews #teslanews #EV #FSD #investing

Does light take all possible paths at the same time? 🌏 Get exclusive NordVPN deal here ➵ https://NordVPN.com/veritasium It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee!✌

A massive thank you to Dr. Andrew Mitchell for all his help and expertise. If you want to delve further into this topic then we highly recommend his lecture on Classical physics derived from quantum mechanics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iuLwWDYC4U&t=1s

We’re incredibly grateful to Prof. David Kaiser, Prof. Steven Strogatz, Prof. Geraint F. Lewis, Elba Alonso-Monsalve, Prof. Christopher S. Baird, Prof. Anthony Bloch, and Prof. Stephen Bartlett for their invaluable contributions to this video.

A special thanks to Mahesh Shenoy from FloatHeadPhysics for his help with this video. Check out his excellent intuitive video on the UV Catastrophe here (Sep 2024): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALEDjjAVZSY

We have a tabletop game launching! Pledge your support now – https://ve42.co/KickStarterD

▀▀▀
0:00 What path does light travel?
2:40 Black Body Radiation
6:47 How did Planck solve the ultraviolet catastrophe?
9:42 The Quantum of Action
13:25 De Broglie’s Hypothesis
15:16 The Double Slit Experiment
20:00 How Feynman Did Quantum Mechanics
25:01 Proof That Light Takes Every Path
31:16 The Theory of Everything

▀▀▀
Sign up to our Patreon to watch the Q&A for free: https://www.patreon.com/c/veritasium

Try Snatoms! A molecular modelling kit I invented where the atoms snap together.
https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

▀▀▀
References:
Armin Hermann (Nov 1974). The Genesis of Quantum Theory (1899-1913). – https://ve42.co/genquanttheor
Richard P. Feynman (1985). QED The Strange Theory of Light and Matter. – https://ve42.co/qed
A fantastic book on the history of the Principle of Least Action: Rojo, A. and Bloch, A. The
Principle of Least Action: History and Physics. – https://ve42.co/Bloch2018
Coopersmith, J. (2017). The lazy universe: an introduction to the principle of least action. Oxford University Press. – https://ve42.co/LazyU
PBS Space Time. (Nov 2021) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_CQDSlmboA
Sabine Hossenfelder. (May 2022) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0da8TEeaeE
Max Planck (1901). On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum. Annalen der Physik – https://ve42.co/lawdistenergy
Paul Ehrenfest (1911). Welche Züge der Lichtquantenhypothese spielen in der Theorie der Wärmestrahlung eine wesentliche Rolle?. Wiley Online Library – https://ve42.co/quantthermrad
Nils-Erik Bomark and Reidun Renstrøm (Aug 2023). The Ultraviolet myth. Proceedings of Science – https://ve42.co/uvmyth
Planck’s law. In Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/planckslaw
PBS Space Time. (Jul 2017). – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFRN-ymfgE&t=10s
Einstein and The Photoelectric Effect. (Jan 2005) via APS News – https://ve42.co/einsteinphotoelec
Louis de Broglie (1924). On the Theory of Quanta. – https://ve42.co/theoryquanta
Larry Sorensen (2012). Path Integrals 1. University of Washington – https://ve42.co/pathintegrals
Feynman’s Method of “A Particle Exploring All Possible Paths”. (Mar 2018) via Pure Dhamma – https://ve42.co/allposspaths

Additional References – https://ve42.co/AdditionalReferences-PoLA2

Images & Video:
Nobistor Altona 1880 via NDR – https://ve42.co/streetlight
Edison incandescent lights by William J. Hammer via Wikimedia Commons – https://ve42.co/edinclights
The full expanded form of the Standard Model Lagrangian by Chen Ning Yang et al. via Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/stmodellang
Muon Ray. (2011). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QUj2ZRUa7c
Muon Ray. (2011). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1C7abO7LtV0
Bohrs Atomic Model via EEEGUIDE.COM – https://ve42.co/bohrmodel

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Autodidactic Studios, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Greg Scopel, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, qiaohui wei, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee

▀▀▀
Directed by Casper Mebius
Written by Casper Mebius and Derek Muller
Edited by Trenton Oliver and Peter Nelson
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Mike Radjabov, Ivy Tello, Andrew Neet and Emma Wright
Illustrations by Jakub Misiek, Tommy A. Steven and Cainejan Esperanza
Filmed by Derek Muller and Casper Mebius
Produced by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, Rob Beasley Spence, Gabe Strong, Geeta Thakur, Emilia Gyles, Zoe Heron, Emily Zhang and Tori Brittain

Thumbnail contributions by Ignat Berbeci, Ben Powell, Jakub Misiek, Ren Hurley, and Peter Sheppard

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

Are you smart enough to solve this Google interview question? Use code veritasium at https://incogni.com/veritasium to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan.

A massive thank you to Dan Goldman, Jeff Aguilar, Daniel Soto and Georgia Tech’s Complex Rheology And Biomechanics Lab
We’re incredibly grateful to Carl Zimmer, Gayle McDowell, and Geoffrey West

Correction: Dan Goldman is a Professor of Physics not Biomechanics.

We have a tabletop game launching! Pledge your support now – https://ve42.co/KickStarterD

▀▀▀
0:00 Hard Google Interview Question
2:34 How do Geckos stick to walls?
5:58 Do physicists know the answer?
7:01 The Square-Cube Law
9:10 Tiny Superheroes
10:23 Simulating the problem
13:36 Adding Air Resistance
15:14 The End?
16:16 What would happen if you were shrunk?
17:39 What interviewers actually look for

▀▀▀
Try Snatoms! A molecular modelling kit I invented where the atoms snap together.
https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

▀▀▀
References:
William Poundstone (Jan 2012). Are You Smart Enough to Work at Google?. – https://ve42.co/smartenough
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli. Translated by Paul Maquet (1989). On the Movement of Animals. – https://ve42.co/borellianimals
In Head-Hunting, Big Data May Not Be Such a Big Deal. (Jun 2013) via New York Times – https://ve42.co/headhuntbigdata
Drag Forces. via Lumen Learning – https://ve42.co/dragforces
R. McN. Alexander (Feb 1995). Leg design and jumping technique for humans, other vertebrates and insects. The Royal Society Publishing – https://ve42.co/legdesignjump
Sharon B. Emerson (Sep 1978). Allometry and Jumping in Frogs: Helping the Twain to Meet. JSTOR – https://ve42.co/allometryfrogs
Jay J. Meyers, Anthony Herrel & James Birch (Jan 2002). Scaling of Morphology, Bite Force and Feeding Kinematics in an Iguanian and a Scleroglossan Lizard. Anthony Herrel – https://ve42.co/scalinglizard
Kirby TJ, McBride JM, Haines TL, Dayne AM. (Aug 2011). Relative Net Vertical Impulse Determines Jumping Performance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics – https://ve42.co/jumpperformance
Rasmussen Mette H. et al (Jul 2022). Evidence that gecko setae are coated with an ordered nanometre-thin lipid film. The Royal Society Publishing – https://ve42.co/geckosetae
Body Orientation During a Skydive. via Libre Texts Physics – https://ve42.co/skydivephysics

▀▀▀
Images & Video:
Here’s how many Google interviews it takes to hire a Googler. (Apr 2019) via CNBC Make It – https://ve42.co/googleinterviews
Google received 3.3 million job applications in 2019. (Jan 2020) via Axios – https://ve42.co/googleapplications
Here’s why you only have a 0.2% chance of getting hired at Google. (Oct 2014) via Quartz – https://ve42.co/hiredgoogle
Dear Reddit, my friend was asked this RIDICULOUS question in a job interview, what’s the best possible answer?. (2011) via Reddit – https://ve42.co/redditblender
Mark Rober. (May 2020) Backyard Squirrel Maze 1.0- Ninja Warrior Course https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFZFjoX2cGg
Cambridge University. (Feb 2010) Cambridge Ideas – Sticky Feet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd5upt3IrWM
IV C. (Oct 2023)Incredible Shrinking Man (1957) Jack Arnold. The spider scene. El increíble hombre menguante. Araña https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJiJsbBBHpE&t=7s
Russ Amy. (Apr 2018) Honey I Shrunk the Kids 1989 1080p BluRay X264 AMIABLE mkv https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byxGZ8cD7rk
R Sisters Gaming. (Feb 2022) It Takes Two – Destroyed by the Blender https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqrPufq2jP8
ClipsyBox. (May 2017) Hulk vs. Ant-Man – Coca-Cola: Coke Mini https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMkGwCw7iv8
El Gato. (June 2021) Squirrel has 44″ vertical jump straight up to bird feeder! jumping https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ethwLHw46JM
A-purpose . (Apr 2024). Who can jump bigger part #2 via Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/shorts/mJhf7wYNkYA

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Autodidactic Studios, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Greg Scopel, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, qiaohui wei, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee

▀▀▀
Directed by Henry van Dyck
Written by Henry van Dyck
Edited by Peter Nelson and Nick Lear
Assistant Edited by James Stuart
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Andrew Neet, Jakub Misiek and Emma Wright
Filmed by Henry van Dyck and Lukas Guderjahn
Additional Research by Emilia Gyles and Geeta Thakur
Produced by Derek Muller, Henry van Dyck, Zoe Heron, Rob Beasley Spence and Tori Brittain
Thumbnail contributions by Ben Powell, Ren Hurley and Henry van Dyck
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound and Jonny Hyman

I traveled to Yaxchilan on the Mexican/Guatemalan border and stumbled upon the legend of the Little People who used to rule parts of the Mayan empire. This travel experience to these amazing Mayan Ruins was full of adventure and exploration.

If you would like to support my work, please consider buying my book “Enigmatic North America: Legends, Oddities, and Controversial History” available on Amazon – https://www.amazon.com/Enigmatic-North-America-Oddities-Controversial/dp/B0CLK35R13/ref=sr_1_1?crid=12M38OTOR0YNQ&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.BzfCFo3xV016MxMaeF0JOaqrlFEHi3Qt3y4ulU79pZjn2m9BuFRenbxRch2YKVmUVW4RYeGYHkF_GOGW9TVf2UJykC3P9OqnV-CF5D0l7bMVJ7fSZXQxURwAhv8ufTnxp7VyIJ3cYe9dzLfcxJA_e6OJCKhzAX3RsF8CpP3hEBlvwq7YCBRjHH_q0e66PVZtav0fYY5h1Us-sDNQ5Gxuk_dHLqqSaq3EpqSoq-205Mc.MPx9PR3X9TQsCP65qnKCDTWXZKp4wtwtLHqh3tmww8I&dib_tag=se&keywords=enigmatic+north+america&qid=1739635696&sprefix=enigmatic+north+ameraps258&sr=8-1

What is the optimal strategy for bowling? #science #veritasium #physics #bowling

In this video I go hiking in Eastern Utah searching for petroglyphs, pictographs, and incredible history. This was an amazing adventure through the Utah Canyonlands. If you would like to support my work, please consider buying my book “Enigmatic North America: Legends, Oddities, and Controversial History” available on Amazon – https://www.amazon.com/Enigmatic-North-America-Oddities-Controversial/dp/B0CLK35R13/ref=sr_1_1?crid=IYKVS9N50ZOZ&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.BzfCFo3xV016MxMaeF0JOaqrlFEHi3Qt3y4ulU79pZgONzRJkvgC5eMZmgtxZNTu78GZwaDV3e-D7jfmHmG8Y4cGDxhrRhN74cikSZEX2RF-bJpNwWtjFDQ70iaogf1r43npU-CzQzS2k0oKampzpVAO–yRjzpN5tSI8UzgrZt3ILb-9iUZX7vfl75sm0lOav0fYY5h1Us-sDNQ5Gxuky2t2qes0bG17hYdDRE6Z7M.OLIJN75PqNrlseXXJDX165Z07_3SJTDlf0enwQ84cNw&dib_tag=se&keywords=Enigmatic+North+america&qid=1739279980&sprefix=enigmatic+north+ameriaps254&sr=8-1

Music by COAG

The biggest problems in the world might be solved by tiny molecules unlocked using AI. Take your big idea online today with https://ve42.co/hostinger – code VE at checkout.

A huge thank you to John Jumper and Kathryn Tunyasuvunakool at Google Deepmind; and to David Baker and the Institute for Protein Design at the University of Washington for their invaluable expertise and explanations.

We’re incredibly grateful to Juanita Bagawan and Lucie Kerley at Google Deepmind, and Ian C. Haydon at the UW Institute for Protein Design for their assistance with some of the animation and imagery used in this video.

Special thanks to those at Google DeepMind Production Studios for their help interviewing John Jumper:
Director – Bernardo Resende
Director of Photography – Robert Messere
Senior Audio Technician – Perry Rogantin
Senior Production Coordinator – Sarah Ellen Morton
Studio Manager – Nicholas Duke

For more on this topic head over to our Patreon for the exclusive extended interview https://www.patreon.com/posts/patreon-with-cut-122274530?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link

▀▀▀
0:00 How to determine protein structures
3:50 Why are proteins so complicated?
5:34 The CASP Competition and Deep Mind
9:08 How does Alphafold work?
12:06 3 ways to get better AI
14:24 What is a Transformer in AI?
17:15 The Structure Module
18:35 Alphafold 2 wins the Nobel Prize
20:36 Designing New Proteins – RF Diffusion
22:58 The Future of AI

▀▀▀
Try Snatoms! A molecular modelling kit I invented where the atoms snap together.
https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates – https://ve42.co/Newsletter

▀▀▀
References and Credits:
How AI Revolutionized Protein Science, but Didn’t End It. (Jun 2024) via Quanta Magazine – https://ve42.co/airev
Jumper, J., Evans, R., Pritzel, A. et al. (Jul 2021). Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature – https://ve42.co/alphafoldtwo
Senior, A.W., Evans, R., Jumper, J. et al. (Jan 2020). Improved protein structure prediction using potentials from deep learning. Nature – https://ve42.co/alphafold
R Zwanzig, A Szabo, B Bagchi (Jan 1992). Levinthal’s paradox. PMC, National Institute of Health – https://ve42.co/levparadox
Khatib, F., DiMaio, F., Foldit Contenders Group. et al. (Sept 2011). Crystal structure of a monomeric retroviral protease solved by protein folding game players. Nature – https://ve42.co/proteinfoldingsolved
DeepMind co-founder: Gaming inspired AI breakthrough. (Dec 2020) via BBC – https://ve42.co/aibreakthrough
3Blue1Brown. (Apr 2024). Transformers (how LLMs work) explained visually | DL5 via Youtube – https://ve42.co/transformers
AlphaFold impact stories. via Deepmind Blog – https://ve42.co/foldimpact
Quanta Magazine. (Oct 2024). How AI Cracked the Protein Folding Code and Won a Nobel Prize via Youtube – https://ve42.co/proteinfolding
Looking Glass Universe. (Apr 2024). how AlphaFold *actually* works via Youtube – https://ve42.co/foldworks
Google DeepMind. (Nov 2020). AlphaFold: The making of a scientific breakthrough via Youtube – https://ve42.co/alphafoldvideo
Nobel Prize. (Dec 2024). 2024 Nobel Prize lectures in chemistry | David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper via Youtube – https://ve42.co/nobelchem
The AlphaFold2 Method Paper: A Fount of Good Ideas. (Jul 2021) via moalquraishi.wordpress – https://ve42.co/Alphafoldpaper
Why Don’t We Have More Protein-Protein Drug Molecules? (Dec 2009) via Science – https://ve42.co/proteindrugmol
Data sonification. via Carla Scaletti – https://ve42.co/datasonification

Images & Video:
Available here – https://ve42.co/alphafoldvisuals

And if you want to learn more about how we have been making antivenom check out our previous video How Horses Save Humans From Snakebites – https://ve42.co/veantivenom

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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Autodidactic Studios, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Greg Scopel, I. H., Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Spilmann Reed, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee

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Directed by Sumeet Kulkarni
Written by Sumeet Kulkarni, Derek Muller and Zoe Heron
Edited by Jack Saxon
Animated by Ivy Tello, Emma Wright, Andrew Neet and Fabio Albertelli
Illustrated by Jakub Misiek
Filmed and demos done by Sumeet Kulkarni
Additional research by Geeta Thakur, Vincent Cheng and Emilia Gyles
Produced by Sumeet Kulkarni, Derek Muller, Zoe Heron, Rob Beasley Spence and Tori Brittain
Thumbnail contributions by Ren Hurley, Peter Sheppard and Ben Powell
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound