PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Good news everyone: it looks like the universe is going to end with a series of catastrophic explosions. The very, very long story short is that the universe ends in heat death, as it approaches maximum entropy, and its eternal exponential expansion drives it to effective utter emptiness and absolute cold. But new calculations have revealed we may be able to look forward to one last source of astrophysical cataclysms – a new type of supernova that can only happen at the end of the universe.

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, & Adriano Leal
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters

Big Bang
Ahmad Jodeh
Alexander Tamas
Brodie Rao
Clinton Robinson
David Nicklas
Fabrice Eap
Juan Benet
Mark Rosenthal
Matthew Miller
Morgan Hough
Radu Negulescu
Scott Gray
Sean Maddox

Quasar
Christina Oegren
Hank S
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
Alec S-L
Ben Delo
chuck zegar
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
Edmund Fokschaner
Jason Finn
John Hofmann
John Pollock
John R. Slavik
Jordan Young
Joseph Salomone
Julian Tyacke
Justin Jermyn
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
m0nk
Mark Matthew Bosko
Mathew
Matthew O’Connor
Nicholas Newlin
Timothy McCulloch
william bryan
Антон Кочков

Gamma Ray Burst
A G
Adrian Hatch
AlecZero
Andreas Nautsch
Andrew Mann
Andrew Richmond
Anthony Kahng
Astaurus
Astronauticist
Bill Blair
Bleys Goodson
Bradley Jenkins
Brandon labonte
Brandon Lattin
Brian Blanchard
Bruce B
Cameron Sampson
Cass Costello
Christopher Barron
Craig Stonaha
Dan Warren
Daniel Jennings
Daniel Lyons
Darren Duncan
Darryl J Lyle
David Hughes
David Johnston
Dawn M Fink
Derek Davis
Devon Rosenthal
DFaulk
DrJYou
Endre Pech
Eric Kiebler
Eric Webster
fieldsa eleanory
Frederic Simon
Geoffrey Clarion
Geoffrey Short
Graydon Goss
Greg Smith
Isaac Suttell
Ismael Montecel
J. King
James Ramsey
Jeremiah Johnson
Jeremy Reed
John Funai
John Griffith
John Robinson
Kevin Lee
Kevin O’Connell
Kevin Warne
Kyle Hofer
Lily kawaii
Luaan
Lucas Morgan
Malte Ubl
Mark Daniel Cohen
Martin J Lollar
Martin Skans
MD3
Michael Barton
Michael Conroy
Mirik Gogri
Mr T
Nate
Nick Virtue
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Oliver Flanagan
Patrick Sutton
Peter Mertz
Pratik Mukherjee
Richard Deighton
Robert C Schupp
Robert Ilardi
Robert Walter
Russ Creech
Scott Gossett
Shane Calimlim
Simon Oliphant
Steven Sartore
Tim Stephani
Tonyface
Tybie Fitzhugh
Yannick Weyns
Yurii Konovaliuk

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

The laws of physics don’t specify an arrow of time – they don’t distinguish the past from the future. The equations we use to describe how things evolve forward in time also perfectly describe their evolution backwards in time. So the brain is a thing ruled by the laws of physics – why does the brain and the conscious experience that emerges from it, see the arrow of time so clearly? In other words why do we remember the past and not the future?

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski & Adriano Leal
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors:

Big Bang Sponsors:
Clinton Robinson
Sean Maddox
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Sponsors
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova Sponsors
Ben Delo
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Robert C Schupp
Anthony Kahng
MD3
Endre Pech
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Derek Davis
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
DrJYou
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Martin J Lollar
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Ever wish you could travel backward in time and do things differently? Good news: the laws of physics seem to say traveling backward in time is the same as traveling forwards. So why do we seem to be stuck in this inexorable flow towards the future? It’s time to begin our journey towards really understanding time.

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Producers

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova Supporters
William Bryan
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
DrJYou
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Martin J Lollar
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Physicists have a long history of sticking our noses where they don’t belong – and one of our favorite places to step beyond our expertise is the question of consciousness and free will. Sometimes our musings are insightful, sometimes incoherent, and usually at least somewhat naive. Which a fair description of this show, so of course Space Time needs to weigh in physics and free will..

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd & Bahar Gholipour
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Producers

Big Bang Sponsors
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Sponsors
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
william bryan
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
drjyou
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Our universe seems pretty complicated. We have a weird zoo of elementary particles, which interact through very different fundamental forces. But some extremely subtle clues in nature have led us to believe that the forces of nature were once unified, ruled by a single, grand symmetry. But how does one force separate into multiple? And how do the forces of nature arise from mathematical symmetries in the first place?

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Graeme Gossel & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon List

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
William Bryan
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Jason Normandin
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

The Nobel prize in physics this year went to black holes. Generally speaking. Specifically, it was shared by the astronomers who revealed to us the Milky Way’s central black hole and by Roger Penrose, who proved that in general relativity, every black hole contains a place of infinite gravity – a singularity. But the true impact of Penrose’s singularity theorem would is much deeper – it leads us to the limits Einstein’s great theory and to the origin of the universe.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors!

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Jason Normandin
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Einstein’s special theory of relativity combines space and time into one dynamic, unified entity – spacetime. But if time is connected to space, could the universe be anything but deterministic? And does that mean that the future is predestined?

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors!

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco
Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Astronauticist
Summit137
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Is all that exists just whatever exists right now? Is the past erased and the future a void yet to be filled? Well, the answer lies in between the past and the future – in the elusive, ever-moving eye-blink that we call the present.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors!

Big Bang Supporters
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
William Bryan
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Astronauticist
Summit137
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Check Out Overview of PBS Terra: https://bit.ly/33otrUn

If you rank the most habitable places in our solar system Venus lands pretty low, with surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead and sulphuric acid rain. And yet it may have just jumped to the front of the pack. In fact, we may have detected the signature of alien life – Venusian life -for the first time.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to All our Supporters on Patreon!

Big Bang
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
Lucas Morgan
William Bryan
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Your extensive posting history on r/birdswitharms and your old fanfiction-heavy livejournal are both one tiny math problem away from becoming public knowledge. That math problem is prime number factoring, and the new era of quantum computers may lay bare your indiscretions, as well as collapse the entire digital economy. Unless we get us some post-quantum cryptography post-haste. So, how close are we?

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Dan Garisto & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to All our Supporters on Patreon!

Big Bang Supporters
Scott Gray
James Younger
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
William Bryan
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Darren Duncan
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Eric Webster
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Bryan Dawley
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan