PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

The Nobel prize in physics this year went to black holes. Generally speaking. Specifically, it was shared by the astronomers who revealed to us the Milky Way’s central black hole and by Roger Penrose, who proved that in general relativity, every black hole contains a place of infinite gravity – a singularity. But the true impact of Penrose’s singularity theorem would is much deeper – it leads us to the limits Einstein’s great theory and to the origin of the universe.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors!

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Jason Normandin
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Einstein’s special theory of relativity combines space and time into one dynamic, unified entity – spacetime. But if time is connected to space, could the universe be anything but deterministic? And does that mean that the future is predestined?

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors!

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco
Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Astronauticist
Summit137
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Is all that exists just whatever exists right now? Is the past erased and the future a void yet to be filled? Well, the answer lies in between the past and the future – in the elusive, ever-moving eye-blink that we call the present.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors!

Big Bang Supporters
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
William Bryan
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Astronauticist
Summit137
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Check Out Overview of PBS Terra: https://bit.ly/33otrUn

If you rank the most habitable places in our solar system Venus lands pretty low, with surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead and sulphuric acid rain. And yet it may have just jumped to the front of the pack. In fact, we may have detected the signature of alien life – Venusian life -for the first time.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to All our Supporters on Patreon!

Big Bang
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
Lucas Morgan
William Bryan
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Your extensive posting history on r/birdswitharms and your old fanfiction-heavy livejournal are both one tiny math problem away from becoming public knowledge. That math problem is prime number factoring, and the new era of quantum computers may lay bare your indiscretions, as well as collapse the entire digital economy. Unless we get us some post-quantum cryptography post-haste. So, how close are we?

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Dan Garisto & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to All our Supporters on Patreon!

Big Bang Supporters
Scott Gray
James Younger
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
William Bryan
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Darren Duncan
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Eric Webster
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Bryan Dawley
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Take the PBS Digital Studios annual survey: http://to.pbs.org/2020survey

One of the most bizarre proposals for life not as we know it doesn’t even use atoms. It proposes that fundamental kinks and defects in the fabric of the universe – cosmic strings beaded with magnetic monopoles – may evolve into complex structures, and even life, within stars. This idea was just published in Letters High Energy Physics Letters by physicists Luis Anchordoqui and Eugene Chudnovsky, and today on Space Time Journal Club we’re going to see how legit this actually is.

Can Self-Replicating Species Flourish in the Interior of a Star? Paper Link
http://journals.andromedapublisher.com/index.php/LHEP/article/view/166

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to All our Supporters on Patreon!

Big Bang Supporters
Scott Gray
James Younger
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco
Lucas Morgan

Hypernova Supporters
William Bryan
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst Supporter
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Eric Webster
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Bryan Dawley
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Aria Ahmad
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon Labonte

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

The great physicist Hermann Weyl once said: “My work always tried to unite the true with the beautiful, but when I had to choose one or the other, I usually chose the beautiful.” But is this actually good advice for doing physics?

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to All our Supporters on Patreon!

Big Bang Supporters
Scott Gray
James Younger
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco
william bryan

Hypernova Supporters
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Anton Kochkov
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Richard Deighton
Lucas Morgan
Eric Webster
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Cody Lubinsky
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Bryan Dawley
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Aria Ahmad
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte

Thank you to Target for supporting PBS. You can learn more at https://target.com/community
Share your story today: https://to.pbs.org/3izZeXh

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE

Pin-pricks in the celestial sphere, through which shines the light of heaven? Or gods and heroes looking down from their constellations? Or lights kindled above middle earth by Varda Elbereth and brightened with the dew of the trees of Valinor? Science has long pondered the mysteries of the stars. This is how we finally figured them out.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to All our Supporters on Patreon!

Big Bang Supporters
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
william bryan
Drew Hart
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Hank S
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Cody Lubinsky
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Bryan Dawley
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
jechamt
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Mark Daniel Cohen
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Aria Ahmad
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Protius Protius
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Patrick Sutton
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

If you wanna make an omelet you gotta break a few eggs. And by omelet I mean a theory of everything, and by eggs I mean a billion billion subatomic particles obliterated in the next generation of giant particle colliders.

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Dan Garisto & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

In June, the consortium of Europe’s top particle physicists published their vision for the next several years of particle physics experiments in the EU. A big part of that is the Future Circular Collider, which, if it happens, will accelerate particles in a 100 kilometer circumference underground ring encircling Geneva. It’ll be nearly 4 times the size of the Large Hadron Collider, and it would be capable of colliding particle beams with 8 times the current LHC energy. The hope is that this will open the window to brand new physics – and perhaps break the current deadlock in our quest for a theory of everything. But do the FCC or other upcoming collider experiments really have a chance of succeeding? Today we’re going to discuss the incredibly ambitious plans for future colliders, and try to honestly evaluate their prospects.

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters

Big Bang Supporters
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco
Lucas Morgan

Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Drew Hart
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Timothy McCulloch
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Hank S
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
John Hofmann

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Cody Lubinsky
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Bryan Dawley
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
jechamt
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Mark Daniel Cohen
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Aria Ahmad
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Protius Protius
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Patrick Sutton
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Our galaxy is full of dysfunctional stellar relationships. With more than half of all stars existing in binary orbits, it’s inevitable that many stellar remnants will end up in parasitic spirals with their partners. Today we’re going to look at the worst of these – from the novae produced by white dwarfs, to X-ray binaries created by neutron stars and black holes – and much weirder things besides.

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to our Patrons!

Big Bang Supporters
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Alec S-L
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco
Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Drew Hart
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Julian Tyacke
Timothy McCulloch
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Hank S
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
John Hofmann

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Cody Lubinsky
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Bryan Dawley
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
jechamt
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Mark Daniel Cohen
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Aria Ahmad
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Protius Protius
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Patrick Sutton
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
Josh Thomas
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon Labonte