Mapping the Multiverse

May 18th, 2020

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This is a map of the multiverse. Or in physics-ese, it’s the maximally extended Penrose diagram of a Kerr spacetime. And in english: when you solve Einstein’s equations of general relativity for a rotating black hole, the universe does not come to an abrupt halt at the bottom of the gravitational pit. Instead, a path can be traced out again but you do not end up in the universe that you started in. Like I said, it’s a map of the multiverse.

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Written by Matt O’Dowd
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#space #astrophysics #multiverse

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Posted in Physics |

How Luminiferous Aether Led to Relativity

May 11th, 2020

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As the 19th century came to a close, physicists were feeling pretty satisfied with the state of their science. The great edifice of physical theory seemed complete. A few minor experiments remained to verify everything. Little did those physicists know that one of those experiments would bring the entire structure crashing down paving the way for the physics revolution of the 20th century.

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Sarah Wells & Matt O’Dowd
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#space #astrophysics #sciencehistory

A Special Note from writer Sarah Wells:

Sarah Wells would like to dedicate the writing and inspiration for this episode to Louis Colonna-Romano, a Clark University physics instructor who told the story of Albert Michelson’s fantastic “failure” to generations of physics freshmen. Lou’s kind mentorship and infectious enthusiasm for physics inspired every student who came into his office, including this video’s writer.

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Posted in Physics |

How We Know The Universe is Ancient

May 4th, 2020

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The universe is precisely 13.8 billion year old – or so our best scientific methods tell us. But how do you learn the age of the universe when there’s no trace left of its beginnings?

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Posted in Physics |

Space Time Livestream: Ask Matt Anything

April 28th, 2020

In today’s livestream you’ll be able to Ask Matt O’Dowd, a PhD in astrophysics, anything. Tune in to ask your own question or see some of the great questions our audience has for Matt!

#space #astrophysics #astronomy

Posted in Physics |

Will Wormholes Allow Fast Interstellar Travel?

April 22nd, 2020

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From Stargate to Interstellar, wormholes are our favorite method for traveling across fictional universes. But they are also a very serious field of study for some of our greatest minds over the last century. So what’s the holdup? When do we get to wormhole ourselves out of here?

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Posted in Physics |

Was the Milky Way a Quasar?

April 14th, 2020

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The Milky Way galaxy is relatively calm by the destructive standards of the rest of the Universe, and compared to its own very violent past. But just recently we discovered that its violent past was much more recent than we thought – and could even happen again.

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Posted in Physics |

How We Know The Earth Is Ancient

April 7th, 2020

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In astronomy we talk about billions of years like it’s no big deal. But how can we be sure about timescales so far beyond the capacity for human intuition? Our discovery of what we now call deep time is very recent – as recent as our discovery of the true spatial vastness of our universe. And it came as scientists tried to measure the age of the Earth. What they found was as shocking and humbling as anything seen through the telescope.

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Posted in Physics |

What’s On The Other Side Of A Black Hole?

March 31st, 2020

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Normal maps are useless inside black holes. At the event horizon – the ultimate point of no return as you approach a black hole – time and space themselves change their character. We need new coordinate systems to trace paths into the black hole interior. But the maps we draw using those coordinates reveal something unexpected – they don’t simply end inside the black hole, but continue beyond. In these maps, black holes become wormholes, and new universes lie on the other side.

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Posted in Physics |

How Black Holes Spin Space Time

March 24th, 2020

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If there’s one thing cooler than a black hole it’s a rotating black hole. Why? Because we can use them as futuristic power generators, galactic-scale bombs, and portals to other universes.

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Black holes are self-sustaining holes in the fabric of spacetime. Space at the event horizon cascades downwards, dragging more space behind it, sort of like how water drags itself near the edge of a waterfall. In a Kerr black hole, space above the event horizon is dragged around in a circle – so less waterfall and more whirlpool. Water spiraling down a drain in a flat sink doesn’t know about the hole – it only knows about the motion of the water around it. In fact it’s possible to construct a black hole in general relativity rotating or otherwise – without any mass. Warp spacetime so it looks like the exterior of a black hole, and that warping will persist. So what is rotating? Spacetime is rotating.

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Posted in Physics |

How Do Quantum States Manifest In The Classical World?

March 16th, 2020

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This episode of space time is brought to you by the information flowing through an impossibly complex network of quantum entanglement, that just happens to mutually agree that you and I exist inside it. Oh, and Schrodinger’s cat is in here too.

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In quantum world things are routinely in multiple states at once – what we call a “superposition” of states. But in the classical world of large scales, things are either this or that. The famous thought experiment is Schrodinger’s cat – in which a cat is in an opaque box with a vial of deadly poison that’s released on the radioactive decay of an atom. Quantum mechanics tells us that the atom’s wavefunction can be in a superposition of states – simultaneously decayed or not decayed. So is the cat’s wavefunction also in a superposition of both dead and alive.

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