Could We Decode Alien Physics?

June 30th, 2022

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How hard can it really be to decode alien physics and engineering? It’s gotta map to our own physics – I mean, we live in the same universe. We start by noticing that the alien technology seems to use good ol’ fashioned electronics, even if it is insanely complex. We know this because the particle carried by the alien circuitry looks like the electron. We decide this through a process of elimination.

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
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Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
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Posted in Physics |

The Riddle That Seems Impossible Even If You Know The Answer

June 30th, 2022

The 100 Prisoners Riddle feels completely impossible even once you know the answer. This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription.

Special thanks to Destin of Smarter Every Day (https://ve42.co/SED), Toby of Tibees (https://ve42.co/Tibees), and Jabril of Jabrils (https://ve42.co/Jabrils) for taking the time to think about this mind bending riddle.

Huge thanks to Luke West for building plots and for his help with the math.
Huge thanks to Dr. Eugene Curtin and Dr. Max Warshauer for their great article on the problem and taking the time to help us understand it: https://ve42.co/CurtinWarshauer
Thanks to Dr. John Baez for his help with finding alternate ways to do the calculations.
Thanks to Simon Pampena for his input and analysis.

Other 100 Prisoners Riddle videos:
minutephysics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5-I0bAuEUE
Vsauce2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOnEEeHZp94
Stand-up Maths: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1DUUnhk3uE
TED-Ed: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIdStMTgNl0

▀▀▀
References:
Original paper: Gál, A., & Miltersen, P.B. (2003). The Cell Probe Complexity of Succinct Data Structures. BRICS, Department of Computer Science, University of Aarhus. All rights reserved. – https://ve42.co/GalMiltersen
Winkler, P. (2006). Seven Puzzles You Think You Must Not Have Heard Correctly. – https://ve42.co/Winkler2006
The 100 Prisoners Problem – https://ve42.co/100PWiki
Golomb, S. & Gaal, P. (1998). On the Number of Permutations on n Objects with Greatest Cycle Length k. Advances in Applied Mathematics, 20(1), 98-107. – https://ve42.co/Golomb1998
Lamb, E. (2012). Puzzling Prisoners Presented to Promote North America’s Only Museum of Math. Observations, Scientific American. – https://ve42.co/Lamb2012
Permutations – https://ve42.co/PermutationsWiki
Probability that a random permutation of n elements has a cycle of length k greater than n/2, Math SE. – https://ve42.co/BaezProbSE
Counting Cycle Structures in Sn, Math SE. – https://ve42.co/CountCyclesSE
What is the distribution of cycle lengths in derangements? In particular, expected longest cycle, Math SE. – https://ve42.co/JorikiSE
The Manim Community Developers. (2021). Manim – Mathematical Animation Framework (Version v0.13.1). – https://www.manim.community/

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▀▀▀
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Music from Epidemic Sound and Jonny Hyman
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

Posted in Uncategorized |

Is Interstellar Travel Impossible?

June 22nd, 2022

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Space is pretty deadly. But is it so deadly that we’re effectively imprisoned in our solar system forever? Many have said so, but a few have actually figured it out.

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Hawking Radiation Episode
https://youtu.be/qPKj0YnKANw

Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2022 PBS. All rights reserved.

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Quasar Level
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Posted in Physics |

Refugees from Atlantis: America’s Lost History as told by Edgar Cayce

June 17th, 2022

Piedras Negras, Guatemala is home to what some researchers think is the Atlantean Hall of Records. This video goes over the detailed history of the legend of Atlantis, the search for the Lost Yucutan Hall of Records, Bimini Road, and Edgar Cayce’s Psychic Readings. Edgar Cayce’s readings supposedly point to clues that help piece together the lost history of the Americas. Did the Mayan Civilization begin with refugees from Atlantis? Were the Moundbuilders the decedents of migrating Mayans? Did the Lost Tribes of Israel reach the Americas? Is there any evidence to support Edgar Cayce’s readings on the Lost History of the Americas? What are the Akashic Records? We will take a look at all of these questions in depth in this video.

If you would like to support my work, please consider purchasing a copy of my book, Enigmatic North America: Legends, Oddities, and Controversial History. Available in paperback on Amazon or the Ebook/PDF on my website. I would greatly appreciate your review on Amazon! Thanks for the support!
Link to my book -https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CLK35R13

I highly recommend reading the following books

The Lost Hall of Records: Edgar Cayce’s Forgotten Record of Human History in the Ancient Yucatan – John Van Auken, Lora Little, and Greg Little. https://www.amazon.com/Lost-Hall-Records-Forgotten-History/dp/0940829665/ref=sr_1_1?crid=E1L2U3XVHFHR&keywords=lost+hall+of+records+little&qid=1696339219&sprefix=lost+hall+of+records+littlaps116&sr=8-1

Mound Builders: Edgar Cayce’s Forgotten Record of Ancient America – John Van Auken, Lora Little, and Greg Little. https://www.amazon.com/Mound-Builders-Forgotten-Ancient-America/dp/0940829673/ref=sr_1_1?crid=9CC07YDLWAZX&keywords=edgar+cayce+moundbuilders&qid=1696339372&sprefix=edgar+cayce+moundbuildersaps108&sr=8-1

Edgar Cayce’s Atlantis – John Van Auken, Lora Little, and Greg Little https://www.amazon.com/Edgar-Cayces-Atlantis-Gregory-Little-ebook/dp/B07QRXGVZ8/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2SBXLJF0IART3&keywords=edgar+cayce+atlantis+van+auken&qid=1696339416&sprefix=edgar+cayces+atlatnis+van+aukenaps102&sr=8-1

Timecodes

00:00 Introduction
03:23 Arriving at Piedras Negras
08:50 Introduction to Atlantis
12:05 Introduction to Edgar Cayce
17:50 Akashic Records
20:00 Cayce’s reading on the Mayan Civilization
29:00 Explanation of Cayce’s reading on the Maya
34:57 Bimini Road and the Lost Hall of Records
40:00 The Sphinx and the Lost Hall of Records
44:31 Piedras Negras and the Lost Hall of Records
56:30 Evidence that supports Edgar Cayce’s readings
57:15 Have humans been in the Americas for 1 million years?
58:44 DNA Evidence – Haplogroup X
59:18 More questions than answers
1:00:43 The end of an epic journey

Music

COAG – Who will save my soul?

COAG – Ambient Background Music – Sounds from Abbey

COAG – Peaceful Ambient Background Music – This Fascinating World

GALAXY – Calm Ambient Background Musi

Posted in Uncategorized |

Have We SOLVED The Black Hole Information Paradox with Wormholes?

June 15th, 2022

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Black holes are very real, but are also a theoretical nightmare. It turns out that in order to make sense of their paradoxical nature, every black hole has to be thought of as a multitude of imaginary black holes, all connected by wormholes. And you thought the universe couldn’t get any weirder.

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Prior Episodes Mentioned In this Video:
Black Hole Information Paradox – https://youtu.be/9XkHBmE-N34
How Quantum Entanglement Creates Entropy – https://youtu.be/vgYQglmYU-8
Holographic Principle – https://youtu.be/klpDHn8viX8
Feynman’s Infinite Paths – https://youtu.be/vSFRN-ymfgE

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Written by Euan McLean & Matt O’Dowd
Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
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Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
Executives in Charge (PBS): Adam Dylewski, Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming (PBS): Gabrielle Ewing

Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
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Posted in Physics |

The Absurd Search For Dark Matter

June 2nd, 2022

This video is sponsored by Brilliant. The first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription. Astronomers think there should be 5 times as much dark matter as ordinary matter – a shadow universe that makes up most of the mass in the universe. But after decades of trying, no experiments have found any trace of dark matter – except one.

A massive thanks to the wonderful people at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Physics https://www.centredarkmatter.org for showing us around and being on camera – Fleur Morrison, A/Prof Phillip Urquijo, Prof Elisabetta Barberio, Madeleine Zurowski and Grace Lawrence.
Thanks to Leo Fincher-Johnson and everyone at the Stawell gold mine for having us.
Massive thanks to Prof. Geraint Lewis – Geraint has been Veritasium’s go-to expert for anything astrophysics and cosmology related. Please check out his website, and buy his books, they’re great – https://www.geraintflewis.com
Thanks to Prof. Timothy Tait for the help to make sure we got the science right.
Thanks to Ingo Berg for illustrating the effect of dark matter on the rotation of a galaxy https://beltoforion.de/en/spiral_galaxy_renderer/spiral-galaxy-renderer.html

▀▀▀
Galaxy cluster simulation from IllustrisTNG – https://www.tng-project.org
Venn Diagram of Dark Matter from Tim Tait – https://ve42.co/venn
The Bullet Cluster Image from Magellan, Hubble and Chandra telescopes – https://ve42.co/BC2
Bullet cluster animation from Andrew Robertson / Institute for Computational Cosmology / Durham University – https://ve42.co/BC3

▀▀▀
Bernabei, R., Belli, P., Cappella, F., Cerulli, R., Dai, C. J., d’Angelo, A., … & Ye, Z. P. (2008). First results from DAMA/LIBRA and the combined results with DAMA/NaI. The European Physical Journal C, 56(3), 333-355. – https://ve42.co/DAMA2008

Zwicky, F. (1933). Die rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen nebeln. Helvetica physica acta, 6, 110-127. – https://ve42.co/Zwicky1

Zwicky, F. (1937). On the Masses of Nebulae and of Clusters of Nebulae. The Astrophysical Journal, 86, 217. – https://ve42.co/Zwicky2

Rubin, V. C., & Ford Jr, W. K. (1970). Rotation of the Andromeda nebula from a spectroscopic survey of emission regions. The Astrophysical Journal, 159, 379. – https://ve42.co/Rubin1

Bosma, A., & Van der Kruit, P. C. (1979). The local mass-to-light ratio in spiral galaxies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 79, 281-286. – https://ve42.co/Bosma1

Milgrom, M. (1983). A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis. The Astrophysical Journal, 270, 365-370. – https://ve42.co/mond1

Sanders, R. H., & McGaugh, S. S. (2002). Modified Newtonian dynamics as an alternative to dark matter. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 40(1), 263-317. – https://ve42.co/Mond2

M. Markevitch; A. H. Gonzalez; D. Clowe; A. Vikhlinin; L. David; W. Forman; C. Jones; S. Murray & W. Tucker (2004). “Direct constraints on the dark matter self-interaction cross-section from the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657-56”. Astrophys. J. 606 (2): 819–824. – https://ve42.co/BC1

Great website about the CMB – http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu/intermediate/driving2.html

Galli, S., Iocco, F., Bertone, G., & Melchiorri, A. (2009). CMB constraints on dark matter models with large annihilation cross section. Physical Review D, 80(2), 023505. – https://ve42.co/CMB1

Antonello, M., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, T., Benziger, J., Bignell, L. J., Bolognino, I., … & Xu, J. (2019). The SABRE project and the SABRE Proof-of-Principle. The European Physical Journal C, 79(4), 1-8. – https://ve42.co/SABRE1

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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Inconcision, Kelly Snook, TTST, Ross McCawley, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Dmitry Kuzmichev, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Micah Mangione, MJP, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Clayton Greenwell, Michael Krugman, Cy ‘kkm’ K’Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal

▀▀▀
Written by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animation by Ivy Tello and Mike Radjabov
Filmed by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Image
B-roll supplied by Stawell Gold Mine
Music from Epidemic Sound
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang

Posted in Uncategorized |

What If Physics IS NOT Describing Reality?

June 1st, 2022

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Neils Bohr said, “It is wrong to think that the task of physics is to find out how Nature is. Physics concerns what we can say about Nature.” Well it turns out that if we pay attention to this subtle difference, some of the most mysterious aspects of nature make a lot more sense.

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Posted in Physics |

The Evolution of the Modern Milky Way Galaxy

May 25th, 2022

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When we scan the heavens with giant telescopes we see galactic cannibalism everywhere. We see moments that appear frozen on the human timescale, but are really snapshots of the incredibly violent process of galaxy formation. This is how all galaxies are made. We can piece together a pretty good understanding of this process from countless snapshots. Looking into the distance means looking into the past, so it’s possible to stitch together a Frankenstein flip book of galaxy evolution.

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Posted in Physics |

What If the Galactic Habitable Zone LIMITS Intelligent Life?

May 18th, 2022

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Our solar system is a tiny bubble of habitability suspended in a vast universe that mostly wants to kill us. In fact, a good fraction of our own galaxy turns out to be utterly uninhabitable, even for sun—like stellar systems. Is this why .. most of us .. haven’t seen aliens?

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Posted in Physics |

Space DOES NOT Expand Everywhere

May 4th, 2022

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Space is big, and it’s getting bigger. But where does all that new space actually come from? And is it popping into existence all around you right now? Is that why the remote control is always further away than I thought?

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drollere
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Posted in Physics |

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