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Quantum mechanics forbids us from measuring the universe beyond a certain level of precision. But that doesn’t stop us from trying. And in some cases succeeding, by squeezing the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to its breaking point.

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Katie McCormick & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
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End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

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There’s one rule on Space Time: It’s never Aliens. But every rule has an exception and this rule is no exception because: It’s never aliens, until it is. So is it aliens yet? And on today’s Space Time we’re going to examine all the best case scenarios for life beyond Earth.

If you want more alien content, check out the ALIENS! Playlist
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GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
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If there’s a hotel with infinite rooms, could it ever be completely full? Could you run out of space to put everyone? The surprising answer is yes — this is important to know if you’re the manager of the Hilbert Hotel.

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References: Ewald, W., & Sieg, W. (2013). David Hilbert’s Lectures on the Foundations of Arithmetic and Logic 1917-1933. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. — https://ve42.co/Ewald2013

Gamow, G. (1988). One, two, three–infinity: facts and speculations of science. Courier Corporation. — https://ve42.co/Gamow1947

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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy ‘kkm’ K’Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal

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Animation by JD Pounds and Jonny Hyman
Thumbnail by Ivy Tello
Music by Jonny Hyman and from Epidemic Sound and E’s Jammy Jams (Hotel Lavish – Radio Nights, Steps in Time – Golden Age Radio, What Now – Golden Age Radio, Book Bag – E’s Jammy Jams, Arabian Sand – E’s Jammy Jams, Firefly in a Fairytale – Gareth Coker)
Written By Derek Muller and Alex Kontorovich
Sound Design by Jonny Hyman

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That Einstein guy was a real bummer for our hopes of a star-hopping, science-fiction-y future. His whole “nothing travels faster than light” rule seems to ensure that exploration of even the local part of our galaxy will be an excruciating slow. But Einstein also gave us a glimmer of hope. He showed us that space and time can be warped – and so the warp drive was conceived. Just recently, a couple of papers contend that these are not pure science fiction.

Check Out Our Previous Warp Drive Episode
https://youtu.be/94ed4v_T6YM

Warp Drive Papers

Introducing Physical Warp Drive
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Fv14i7l0KP-KWTdYbNtTILxE10jCkThO/view

Breaking the Warp Barrier
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1idkNv0pe5IJv-t7E5vogbNilbPjIoA79/view

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt Caplan & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

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This robot has applications to archaeology, space exploration, and search and rescue — with a simple elegant design inspired by a plant. Sign up to Morning Brew for free today: https://ve42.co/mb

Make your own Vine Robot! — https://www.vinerobots.org
Special thanks to A/Prof. Elliot Hawkes, Nicholas Naclerio, Margaret Coad, David Haggerty for appearing in this video and showing off your amazing robots. For more info on vine (and other types of) robots check out https://ve42.co/HawkesLab, and https://ve42.co/CHARM

Research at UCSB supported in part by the National Science Foundation grant 1944816, by an Early Career Faculty grant from NASA’s Space Technology Research Grants Program, and by the Packard Foundation.

B-roll footage of robots from the supplementary materials of (Hawkes et al., 2017) https://ve42.co/VineVideos, and from Stanford University https://ve42.co/StanfordVideo

Additional info on the intubation vine robot here: https://www.wardenchem.com/vine

References: Hawkes, E. W., Blumenschein, L. H., Greer, J. D., & Okamura, A. M. (2017). A soft robot that navigates its environment through growth. Science Robotics, 2(8). — https://ve42.co/Hawkes2017

N. D. Naclerio, A. Karsai, M. Murray-Cooper, Y. Ozkan-Aydin, E. Aydin, D. I. Goldman, E. W. Hawkes, Controlling subterranean forces enables a fast, steerable, burrowing soft robot. Sci. Robot. 6, eabe2922 (2021).
https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/6/55/eabe2922

Coad, M. M., Blumenschein, L. H., Cutler, S., Zepeda, J. A. R., Naclerio, N. D., El-Hussieny, H., … & Okamura, A. M. (2019). Vine robots: Design, teleoperation, and deployment for navigation and exploration. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 27(3), 120-132. — https://ve42.co/Coad2019

Blumenschein, L. H., Coad, M. M., Haggerty, D. A., Okamura, A. M., & Hawkes, E. W. (2020). Design, modeling, control, and application of everting vine robots. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 7. — https://ve42.co/Blumenschein2020

Haggerty, D. A., Naclerio, N. D., & Hawkes, E. W. (2019, November). Characterizing environmental interactions for soft growing robots. In 2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (pp. 3335-3342). IEEE. — https://ve42.co/Haggerty2019

Naclerio, N. D., Hubicki, C. M., Aydin, Y. O., Goldman, D. I., & Hawkes, E. W. (2018, October). Soft robotic burrowing device with tip-extension and granular fluidization. In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (pp. 5918-5923). IEEE. — https://ve42.co/Naclerio19

Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy ‘kkm’ K’Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal

Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animation by Ivy Tello
Filmed by Derek Muller
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It may be that for every star in the universe there are billions of microscopic black holes streaming through the solar system, the planet, even our bodies every second. Sounds horrible – but hey, at least we’d have explained dark matter.

Want a very deep understanding of Black Holes? Check out the Black Hole playlist:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNBl4h0i4mI5zDflExXJMo_x

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GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
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End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters

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When a theory makes a prediction that disagrees with an experimental test, sometimes it means we should throw the theory away. But what if that theory has otherwise produced the most successful predictions in all of physics? Then, that little glitch may be pointing the way to layers of physics deeper than we’ve yet imagined. Well, FermiLabs Muon G-2 experiment has been chasing the most promising glitch of all, and they’ve just announced their results.

Announcement Results
https://theory.fnal.gov/events/event/first-results-from-the-muon-g-2-experiment-at-fermilab

Previous Episode of Space Time To Help Understand Muon G-2:

Quantum Mechanics Most Incredible Prediction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UwigY4SjKY&ab_channel=PBSSpaceTime

Muon g-2 Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNBpDZPejCHGzxyfgitj26w9

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Dan Garisto & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

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This video is about stuff: light bulbs, printers, phones and why they aren’t better. Go to https://NordVPN.com/veritasium and use code VERITASIUM to get a 2-year plan plus 1 additional month with a huge discount. It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee!

References:
The Man in the White Suit — https://ve42.co/Suit

London, B. (1932). Ending the depression through planned obsolescence. — https://ve42.co/London32

Slade, G. (2009). Made to break: Technology and obsolescence in America. Harvard University Press — https://ve42.co/madetobreak

Krajewski, M. (2014). The great lightbulb conspiracy. IEEE spectrum, 51(10), 56-61. — https://ve42.co/Phoebus

Planet Money, The Phoebus Cartel – https://ve42.co/PMobs

The Light Bulb Conspiracy – https://youtu.be/e9xmn228HM0

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“A moving arrow is at rest.” This is obviously a nonsensical contradiction. But Zeno, a Greek philosopher famous for his metaphysical trolling, devised a paradox whose conclusion is just this. Here’s how it goes: if you look at an arrow flying through the air at any instantaneous snapshot in time, the arrow doesn’t travel any distance. If time is composed of an infinite number of these snapshots, and the arrow doesn’t move in any of them, then the arrow is at rest during the entirety of its flight. The moving arrow is at rest.

In fact, if we’re talking about a quantum arrow, there may be a way to freeze its motion simply by looking at it, through the aptly named quantum Zeno effect. The quantum Zeno effect predicts that certain quantum events – like the electrons moving between atomic energy levels, or the decay of atomic nuclei, can be frozen through the simple act of observation. I’m going to tell you about some very real experiments that claim to have demonstrated this phenomenon. But first, let’s see if the quantum Zeno effect can save us from being shot by a quantum arrow.

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I have good news and bad news. Bad news first: two years ago we reported on the Crisis in Cosmology. Since then, it’s only gotten worse. And actually, the good news is also that the crisis in cosmology has actually gotten worse, which means we may be onto something!

The most exciting thing for any scientist is when something they thought they knew turns out to be wrong. So it’s no wonder that many cosmologists are starting to get excited by what has become known as the Hubble tension, or the crisis in cosmology. The “crisis” is the fact that we have two extremely careful, increasingly precise measurements of how fast the universe is expanding which should agree with each other, and yet they don’t.

Original Crisis in Cosmology
https://youtu.be/72cM_E6bsOs

Sabine Hossenfelder’s episode “Do we travel through time at the speed of light?”
https://youtu.be/iBTez-nTKes

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Standard Candle Definition
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