China has systematically been targeting Taiwan’s chip industry. 420 PLA aircraft around Taiwan. Xi directed the PLA invasion-ready by 2027 — the Davidson window.
Reach out to Farzad to implement AI in your small business: https://farzad.fm/consulting
Farzad Mesbahi (@farzad-fm) — humanity’s analyst on disruptive innovations and their 1–20 year implications. https://farzad.fm
Exclusive: https://farzad.fm/fznews/elon-musk-jensen-huang-finally-reveal-the-truth
I walk through why Jensen Huang calls AI doom made-up while Elon Musk treats existential risk as real — even as NVIDIA and SpaceX partner on Colossus and AI1 orbital compute — and why incentives, nuclear-style dual use, the HuggingFace sandbox breakout, and the US–China race explain the sudden fear spike while adoption is still early.
Want to grow your YouTube channel? DM David Carbutt
For 10% discount quote ‘Farzad’ https://x.com/DavidCarbutt_
I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.
Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.
I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.
I have been a shareholder of Lemonade since 2025 and currently own Lemonade stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.
I currently own SpaceX stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.
I currently own NVIDIA stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.
My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.
If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!
How was the “unbreakable” enigma cracked? Sponsored by Incogni – use code veritasium at https://incogni.com/veritasium to get an exclusive 60% off your annual subscription.
If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
For the latest science news, and for an exclusive bonus Q&A with the director of this video, sign up to the Veritasium newsletter – https://ve42.co/Newsletter
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0:00 Who invented Enigma?
4:16 How did Enigma work?
10:51 The Secret Spy Mansion
13:10 The First Codebreakers Who Broke Enigma
16:45 Trying To Decrypt An Enigma Message
22:35 Who was Alan Turing?
26:30 How Enigma’s Flaws Were Exploited
34:27 Breaking Enigma – The Bombe
41:39 The Naval Enigma
44:35 What did Alan Turing do after Bletchley Park?
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A huge thanks out to Sir Dermot Turing, Jonah Weinbaum, Andrew Fryer, John Pickles, Peter Hoath, Robert Dowell and all of the experts at Bletchley Park & The National Museum of Computing that helped make this video possible!
The National Museum of Computing at Bletchley Park is an independent charity housing working historic machines. Plan your visit here: https://www.tnmoc.org/plan-your-visit
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Can you decrypt this unbroken Naval Enigma message? Let us know in the comments!
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Moebiusol – Cristian, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Patreon mp22, Paul Peijzel, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Steven, Sweet_Nemo, Tair Aurmont, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Vahe Andonians, wolfee
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Writers: James Moore, Gregor Čavlović, Darius Garewal & Emilia Gyles
Producer & Director: James Moore
Additional Directing: Darius Garewal
Presenters: Gregor Čavlović & Derek Muller
Editor: Peter Nelson
Additional Editing: James Stuart & Trenton Oliver
Camera Operators: Rob Newman & Darius Garewal
Animators: Emma Wright, Domonkos Józsa, Alex Drakoulis, Andrew Neet, Rokas Vikšraitis & Aleksandrs Loginovs
Illustrator: Jakub Misiek
Researchers: Darius Garewal & Gabe Strong
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Daniel Ellacott & Ben Powell
Production Team: Jess Bishop-Laggett, Glen Griffiths, Matthew Cavanagh & Anna Milkovic
Executive Producers: Gregor Čavlović, Emilia Gyles, Henry van Dyck & Derek Muller
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound
& Sprach Zarathustra – Conducted by Philip Milman (https://pmmusic.pro/)
Farzad Mesbahi (@farzad-fm) — humanity’s analyst on disruptive innovations and their 1–20 year implications. https://farzad.fm
Exclusive: https://farzad.fm/fznews/elon-just-made-driving-80-percent-cheaper
I walk through Tesla Cybercab carrying public riders in Austin with no steering wheel or pedals, and why a purpose-built driverless car can undercut second-car ownership, reshape parking and fleet ownership, and start a quieter transportation shift.
Want to grow your YouTube channel? DM David Carbutt
For 10% discount quote ‘Farzad’ https://x.com/DavidCarbutt_
I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.
Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.
I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.
I have been a shareholder of Lemonade since 2025 and currently own Lemonade stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.
I currently own SpaceX stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.
I currently own NVIDIA stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.
My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.
If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!