How Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Hole | Space Time

March 30th, 2017

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Find out how time and space switch roles when we move beyond the event horizon of the black hole. And try Crunchyroll at https://www.crunchyroll.com/spacetime

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Referenced Videos:

What Happens at the Event Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q&t=48s

The Phantom Singularity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08

The Geometry of Causality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Previous Episode:
Superluminal Time Travel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUMGc8hEkpc

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Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments answered by Matt:
Colin Brown
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek&lc=z13ngfyxvvq5ivsys04cfxaz1pezv51ribs

Feynstein 100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek&lc=z13bjxuafpqnckzkktncsv2yhmq0xkzk

Dankulous Memelord III
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3RPD2BWHliH5QJrGl-XYlw

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Xaera


Superluminal Time Travel + Time Warp Challenge Answer

March 22nd, 2017

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Find out how traveling faster than light and traveling back in time are the same thing. And be sure to tell PBS what types of shows you want to see at https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/pbsds2017 25 random participants in the survey will receive PBS t-shirts.

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By choosing the right path and the right reference frames, any superluminal motion can lead to information or objects returning to their origin before they depart. Matt O’Dowd will show you how to navigate such a path.

Time Warp Challenge Challenge Question – Race to a Habitable Exoplanet 1:44
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tmMKQ4kp_I

The Geometry of Causality 1:39
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Previous Episode
Time Crystals! Space Time Journal Club
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek

Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

And the Space Time Challenge Winners are 


Carlo Bernaschina
Werner van Alphen
Noel Segura
Gadrat Florent
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The combined classroom efforts of Alex Summerfield (w. Ronita, Habiba, Abbie, Daina, Joe, Hugh, Sharif, Johansen, Yahya)

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Time Crystals!

March 15th, 2017

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In this episode of the Space Time Journal Club Matt discusses how two independent research teams created their own Time Crystals, a form of matter that breaks time translational symmetry and could be used in quantum computers.

The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US market. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally.

Previous Episode
Race to a Habitable Exoplanet – Time Warp Challenge
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tmMKQ4kp_I

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd and Alexandra Yep
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Comments answered by Matt:

Solano FelĂ­cio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h871oE5QkTU&lc=z13fen0gcsy2cxuta225srzj3wefhzlex

Matthew Pick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h871oE5QkTU&lc=z12uih5qdprmt314t04cjtqioveye1l4iek

WarriorofCathar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h871oE5QkTU&lc=z13oc1dofprgijzft22if1igikrhgzll2


The Race to a Habitable Exoplanet – Time Warp Challenge | Space Time

March 8th, 2017

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You’ve discovered a habitable exoplanet, but so has an an evil interplanetary mining corporation. Can you get to the planet before they strip it bare and leave it unsuitable for life? You’re going to need a ship, the Lorentz Transformation and the Wait Equation. Hang on, it’s going to be a bumpy ride.

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With the discovery of Trappist-1 and its surrounding exoplanets it’s all the more important that we unlock the secrets of long-distance space travel. In order to do that we have to better understand the relationship between space and time and understand how moving faster than the speed of light is the same as traveling back in time.

Previous Episode
The Treasures of Trappist-1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h871oE5QkTU

The Geometry of Causality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Is the Warp Drive possible?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94ed4v_T6YM

Tengu spaceship image and ExoPlanet world Credit CCP: Eve Online

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The Treasures of Trappist-1 | Space Time

March 2nd, 2017

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Get 15% off your next purchase at https://www.legalzoom.com/spacetime. LegalZoom is not a law firm or a substitute for the advice of an attorney.
Can humanity survive on one of the seven earth-like Trappist-1 planets?
And be sure to check out Physics Girl’s Trappist episode right here https://youtu.be/lK2iJe7AM_Q

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Last week, seven earth-like planets were discovered orbiting a Red Dwarf star 39 light years away. Each one could be capable of supporting life.

Previous Episode
The Eye of Sauron Reveals a forming Solar System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQZyaMRp7_0

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Alexandra Yep and Matt O’Dowd
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Comments answered by Matt:

Aaron Craig
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoQE5J346mU&lc=z13ptbqxilq2wdt5204cjj1rhnqpvr55ad0

s ss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQZyaMRp7_0&lc=z12qjpazrw3lhdtmn22mxf2znoidgfhrg04

Slikrix
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQZyaMRp7_0&lc=z13euz3jyxyiy5yef23mhlprwpmtxnpkm


The Eye of Sauron Reveals a Forming Solar System!

February 22nd, 2017

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Fomalhaut is a massive young star surrounded by a ring of dust debris that can tell us a great deal about the formation of our own solar system. Get your first two months of CuriosityStream free by going to http://curiositystream.com/spacetime and using the promo code “spacetime”.

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Fomalhaut is an awe-inspiring star that could unlock many mysteries concerning how our own solar system formed.

Previous Episode
Telescopes of Tomorrow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoQE5J346mU

Written by Alexandra Yep and Matt O’Dowd
Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Sources:
A Planetary System as the Origin of Structure in Fomalhaut’s Dust Belt
Kalas, Graham & Clampin (2005)
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506574

STIS Coronographic Imaging OF Fomalhaut: Main Belt Structure and teh Orbit of Fomalhaut b
Kalas, Graham ,Fitzgerald & Clampin (2013)
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/56

Infrared Non-detection of Fomalhaut b — Implications for the Planet Interpretation
Janson, Carson, Lafreniere, Spiegel, Bent & Wong (2012)
https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.4388

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Telescopes of Tomorrow

February 15th, 2017

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Super telescopes are coming! Thanks to The Great Courses Plus for sponsoring this episode of Space Time. Try a 30 day trial of The Great Course Plus at http://ow.ly/Fxt1306GoOa NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope is now 27 years old, but a new generation of telescopes are on their way. Find out about the James Webb Space Telescope, the Giant Magellan Telescope and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.

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The telescopes of tomorrow will see in infrared and ultraviolet. They will peer through space and scan across time. They will allow us to find new supernovae, spot potentially hazardous asteroids, better understand dark energy and peer into the earliest moments of space time.

Previous Episode
The Geometry of Causality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Written by Alexandra Yep and Matt O’Dowd
Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Resources:
The James Webb Space Telescope https://jwst.nasa.gov
The Giant Magellan Telescope https://www.gmto.org/
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope https://www.lsst.org

Comments Answered by Matt:

Louis Anthes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo&lc=z12pcp34szazy1qqz04cgvpg0sjnivjq0to0k

QED
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo&lc=z131xd1xbrihsrdm3231i5fr0sz1yb2ff

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The Geometry of Causality

February 2nd, 2017

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Using geometry we can not only understand, but visualize how causality dictates the order of events in our universe. Start your Audible trial today at http://www.audible.com/spacetime

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In this episode we dive deeper into the relationship between space and time and explore how we can geometrically map the causality of the universe and increase our understanding of how time and distance relate to one another.

Important Reference Episodes:
The Speed of Light is not about Light (1:16)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo

Can You Trust Your Eyes in Space Time? (1:16)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4rW_pPbD-U

Previous Episode:
Why Quasars are so Awesome
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&t=63s

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments Answered by Matt:

Michael Lloyd
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08&lc=z135yvabnnr2t1cfv22azxuyiwmux5xai04

Jose Hernandez
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08&lc=z13zzv5wmvrhe5hpn04chzwbnoznthg4j1w

Joan Eunice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z13ncrdwnpj0wfplk23exlqwqnauvkpc

Mike Cammiso
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z13fxdlopsylwh5f122rh3oycpyxjr1pn04

Bikram Sao
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z12uytbouwb0t3pym04cg3szjmqyeffzvlo0k

Cinestar Productions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z121zlv51n3ls5m5b04cjpjwcpavu5xok3s

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Will and Sonja Marple


Why Quasars are so Awesome | Space Time

January 26th, 2017

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Quasars … the most metal thing in the universe.

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When Quasars were first discovered the amount of light pouring out of such a tiny dot in space seemed impossible. A hysterical flurry of hypothesizing followed: swarms of neutron stars, alien civilizations harnessing their entire galaxy’s power, bright, fast-moving objects being ejected by our own galaxy’s core. But by the 1980’s we were converging on the most awesome explanation. It goes a little like this: Take a black hole of millions to billions times the mass of the sun. Where from? It turns out every decent-sized galaxy has one at its core. Now drive gas into the galactic core. One way this can happen is when galaxies merge and grow. That gas descends into the waiting black hole’s gravitational well and gains incredible speed on the way. It is swept up in a raging whirlpool around the black hole that we call an accretion disk, where its energy of motion is turned into heat. The heat-glow of the accretion disk is so bright that we can see quasars to the ends of the universe.

Previous Episode:

The Phantom Singularity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08

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The Phantom Singularity | Space Time

January 19th, 2017

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Be sure to check out the Infinite Series episode Singularities Explained https://youtu.be/0pIRibivolA or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Divide by Zero.

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Isaac Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation tells us that there is a singularity to be found within a black hole, but scientists and mathematicians have found a number of issues with Newton’s equations. They don’t always accurately represent reality. Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity is a more complete theory of gravity. So does using the General Theory of Relativity eliminate the singularity? No. Not only does it concur with Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation but it also reveals a second singularity, not at the center of the black hole but at the event horizon.

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The EM Drive: Fact or Fantasy
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