Telescopes of Tomorrow

February 15th, 2017

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE

Super telescopes are coming! Thanks to The Great Courses Plus for sponsoring this episode of Space Time. Try a 30 day trial of The Great Course Plus at http://ow.ly/Fxt1306GoOa NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope is now 27 years old, but a new generation of telescopes are on their way. Find out about the James Webb Space Telescope, the Giant Magellan Telescope and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.

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The telescopes of tomorrow will see in infrared and ultraviolet. They will peer through space and scan across time. They will allow us to find new supernovae, spot potentially hazardous asteroids, better understand dark energy and peer into the earliest moments of space time.

Previous Episode
The Geometry of Causality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Written by Alexandra Yep and Matt O’Dowd
Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Resources:
The James Webb Space Telescope https://jwst.nasa.gov
The Giant Magellan Telescope https://www.gmto.org/
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope https://www.lsst.org

Comments Answered by Matt:

Louis Anthes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo&lc=z12pcp34szazy1qqz04cgvpg0sjnivjq0to0k

QED
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo&lc=z131xd1xbrihsrdm3231i5fr0sz1yb2ff

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Eric Jackson


The Geometry of Causality

February 2nd, 2017

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Using geometry we can not only understand, but visualize how causality dictates the order of events in our universe. Start your Audible trial today at http://www.audible.com/spacetime

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In this episode we dive deeper into the relationship between space and time and explore how we can geometrically map the causality of the universe and increase our understanding of how time and distance relate to one another.

Important Reference Episodes:
The Speed of Light is not about Light (1:16)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo

Can You Trust Your Eyes in Space Time? (1:16)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4rW_pPbD-U

Previous Episode:
Why Quasars are so Awesome
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&t=63s

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments Answered by Matt:

Michael Lloyd
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08&lc=z135yvabnnr2t1cfv22azxuyiwmux5xai04

Jose Hernandez
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08&lc=z13zzv5wmvrhe5hpn04chzwbnoznthg4j1w

Joan Eunice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z13ncrdwnpj0wfplk23exlqwqnauvkpc

Mike Cammiso
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z13fxdlopsylwh5f122rh3oycpyxjr1pn04

Bikram Sao
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z12uytbouwb0t3pym04cg3szjmqyeffzvlo0k

Cinestar Productions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TZEp_n3eIc&lc=z121zlv51n3ls5m5b04cjpjwcpavu5xok3s

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Why Quasars are so Awesome | Space Time

January 26th, 2017

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Thanks to The Great Courses Plus for sponsoring this episode of Space Time. Try a 30 day trial of The Great Course Plus at http://ow.ly/m8ms306GoxP.

Quasars … the most metal thing in the universe.

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When Quasars were first discovered the amount of light pouring out of such a tiny dot in space seemed impossible. A hysterical flurry of hypothesizing followed: swarms of neutron stars, alien civilizations harnessing their entire galaxy’s power, bright, fast-moving objects being ejected by our own galaxy’s core. But by the 1980’s we were converging on the most awesome explanation. It goes a little like this: Take a black hole of millions to billions times the mass of the sun. Where from? It turns out every decent-sized galaxy has one at its core. Now drive gas into the galactic core. One way this can happen is when galaxies merge and grow. That gas descends into the waiting black hole’s gravitational well and gains incredible speed on the way. It is swept up in a raging whirlpool around the black hole that we call an accretion disk, where its energy of motion is turned into heat. The heat-glow of the accretion disk is so bright that we can see quasars to the ends of the universe.

Previous Episode:

The Phantom Singularity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters:

Big Bang
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Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters:
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Jessica Fraley
Kirk Mathews
Loro Lukic
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Brandon labonte
David Crane
Greg Weiss
David Matteson
Marc Lagarde
Eric Jackson
Will and Sonja Marple


The Phantom Singularity | Space Time

January 19th, 2017

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Be sure to check out the Infinite Series episode Singularities Explained https://youtu.be/0pIRibivolA or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Divide by Zero.

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Isaac Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation tells us that there is a singularity to be found within a black hole, but scientists and mathematicians have found a number of issues with Newton’s equations. They don’t always accurately represent reality. Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity is a more complete theory of gravity. So does using the General Theory of Relativity eliminate the singularity? No. Not only does it concur with Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation but it also reveals a second singularity, not at the center of the black hole but at the event horizon.

Previous Episode:

The EM Drive: Fact or Fantasy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqoo_4wSkdg

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments Answered by Matt:

Joshua Hillerup
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqoo_4wSkdg&lc=z12efr4gyvmxf3r1e22ucfv5burmibno304

Aaron Schofield
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqoo_4wSkdg&lc=z124efx51vnovn5kc234vppxoxaft3uft

Stephen Bachman
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqoo_4wSkdg&lc=z132i1xoltauujs2a23zwxlrdsftghtvm

Matthew Scatterty
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqoo_4wSkdg&lc=z13rel4r1qvbidayv04chrfxzxv4glwql20

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Will and Sonja Marple


The EM Drive: Fact or Fantasy?

January 12th, 2017

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Because you demanded it … we break down the EM Drive!

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In the first Space Time Journal Club, Matt O’Dowd discusses Eagleworks Labs recent paper on the EM Drive and evaluates what their findings really tell us.

“Measurement of Impulsive Thrust from a Closed Radio-Frequency Cavity in Vacuum”
White, March, Lawrence, Vera, Sylvester, Brady & Bailey 2016
Abstract: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120
PDF: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/1.B36120

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments Answered by Matt:

Harlan Kempf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ttwl_zH_DZ8&lc=z13sdncwxpzpejj3f23ohxsz5ubds3ppf04

Sun Power Guru
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ttwl_zH_DZ8&lc=z13atterhtvmybvpv04cefkrfuu0gvcgdc4

Richy Rich
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ttwl_zH_DZ8&lc=z13odxehmyveftz2d22ytbjopunwdvfdo

Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters:
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Quasar
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Jordan Young
Ratfeast
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John Hofmann

Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters:
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John Pettit
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How to See Black Holes + Kugelblitz Challenge Answer

January 4th, 2017

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Find out how scientists are mapping the black holes throughout the Milky Way and beyond as well as the answer to the Escape the Kugelblitz Challenge Question. Were you able to save humanity?

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Quasars, X-ray Binaries and Supermassive voids at the center of our galaxies … black holes take many forms. In this episode Matt tells us what these different types of black holes are and how scientists are using VLBI, Very Long Baseline Interferometry, to map the different black holes throughout the known universe.

Resolving Microlensing Events with Triggered VLBI
Karami, Broderick, Rahvar, and Reid, 2016, The Astrophysical Journal, 833, 169
http://phys.org/news/2016-12-black-holes-years-method.html
https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.05801

Last Episode – Have They Seen Us?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ttwl_zH_DZ8

The Escape the Kugelblitz Challenge Question
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3hd3AI2CAA&t=5s

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Challenge Winners:
Pete Benzi
Srikanth Reddy
Dominique
Jeremy Elser
Mathieu Pütz
Scott Seaver

Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters:
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Joe

Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters:
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Nathan Leniz
Jessica Fraley
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Loro Lukic
Carl P. Corliss
Brandon labonte
David Crane
Greg Weiss
David Matteson
Marc Lagarde
Eric Jackson
Will and Sonja Marple


Have They Seen Us? | Space Time | PBS Digital Studios

December 22nd, 2016

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Are aliens watching Earth TV? We’d like to credit the SKA Organization for the image used in the thumbnail.

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Sources and further reading:

The Square Kilometer Array
https://www.skatelescope.org/

Eavesdropping on Radio Broadcasts from Galactic Civilizations with Upcoming Observatories for Redshifted 21cm Radiation
Loeb & Zaldarriaga 2007, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 1, 20
https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0610377v2.pdf

Costs and Difficulties of Large-Scale ‘Messaging’, and the Need for International Debate on Potential Risks
Billingham & Bedford 2011
https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.1938
Previous Episode:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3hd3AI2CAA

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments Answered by Matt:

Luca$sino
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q&lc=z13vdbfbuu2pthqlt23eg33qpofgxdy5c04

Douglas Oak
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q&lc=z133j1mrzkqbiramx22ovtvw0pbccfkna

Grin Reaper Of Trolls
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q&lc=z13wsvmhtw2rwlv1e232djyjukicyvf04

viermidebutura3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q&lc=z13lu5cxbuqzjnnvt23scf0a1kzgdntrb04

Cornerrecord
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q&lc=z135greojxekfvemq230jvcjuz3bt1ubz04

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Escape The Kugelblitz Challenge

December 15th, 2016

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If you know enough about astrophysics you could save the world from alien attack.

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In the last episode Matt discussed how the Penrose Diagram enabled you to map how black holes affect Space Time. In this episode you can use that knowledge to stop an all-too-real threat to our planet. Aliens are trying to destroy the Earth by creating a Kugelblitz under our feet. Will you use a Dyson Sphere to stop them or a satellite based deflector array? Choose wisely and save humanity. Choose poorly and … well, let’s just hope you choose wisely.

Last Episode – What Happens at the Event Horizon?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Hypernova and Quasar Supporters:
Henry Van Styn
Antonio Park
Joel Brinton
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Clock Watcher
Joe
Ratfeast
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John Hofmann

Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters:
Jade Bilkey
Kevin Warne
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J Rejc
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Corey Smeaton
John Pettit
Shannan Catalano
Florian Stinglmayr
Yubo Du
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Nathan Leniz
Jessica Fraley
Kirk Mathews
Loro Lukic
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Will and Sonja Marple


What Happens at the Event Horizon? | Space Time | PBS Digital Studios

December 8th, 2016

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What really happens when you approach the event horizon of a black hole? What do you see when you actually cross it? Matt shows you an elegant tool for understanding this mysterious region of spacetime. This episode is supported by The Great Courses Plus. Go to http://ow.ly/WPIo306GotR for your one month free trial!

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CUNY Physics (stay tuned for event April 7 event details):
http://www.gc.cuny.edu/Page-Elements/Academics-Research-Centers-Initiatives/Doctoral-Programs/Physics

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Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments Answered by Matt:

dinosaurfromfuture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlXdsyctD50&lc=z12cw3dapnftev0z104ce5pyzqaejbrwpg0

vacuum diagram
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlXdsyctD50&lc=z13gwn3p1tndfdyuj23md5ipdy2xvb33y

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John Pettit
Shannan Catalano
Florian Stinglmayr
Yubo Du
Benoit Pagé-Guitard
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Nathan Leniz
Jessica Fraley
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Loro Lukic
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Brandon labonte
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Pilot Wave Theory and Quantum Realism | Space Time | PBS Digital Studios

December 1st, 2016

There’s one interpretation of the meaning of quantum mechanics that manages to skip a lot of the unphysical weirdness of the mainstream interpretations: it’s de Broglie-Bohm pilot wave theory.

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There are some pretty out-there explanations for the processes at work behind the incredibly successful mathematics of quantum mechanics – things are both waves and particles at the same time, the act of observation defines reality, cats are alive and dead, or even: the universe is constantly splitting into infinite alternate realities. The weird results of quantum experiments seem to demand weird explanations of the nature of reality. In this episode, Matt discusses de Broglie-Bohm pilot wave theory, the one interpretation of quantum mechanics that remains comfortably, stodgily physical.

Links to Sources

The Quantum Experiment that Broke Reality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-MNSLsjjdo&t=53s

The Many Worlds of the Quantum Multiverse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzKWfw68M5U&t=690s

Is This What Quantum Mechanics Looks Like?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIyTZDHuarQ

A Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of “Hidden” Variables. I:
David Bohm, 1952, Phys. Rev. 85, 166
http://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.85.166

Bohms original paper is behind the journal paywall (sorry!), however many other readings on Bohmian mechanics are available here:
http://www.bohmian-mechanics.net/readings_books.html

Previous Space Time Episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4RNGRyzt10

Written and hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments Answered by Matt

Burak Bağdatlı
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4RNGRyzt10&lc=z13hvpcjrlndslnyb04cctjqrvb4hpkphe4

Sebastián López
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4RNGRyzt10&lc=z124yxrjyw3ywvicm23wspagcxracphvg

The757packerfan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4RNGRyzt10&lc=z13ujbnznvmfjnhag04cgtprtriafnj4t2k

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