Are You a Boltzmann Brain?

April 27th, 2017

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Was an incredible drop in entropy responsible for the Big Bang? If that’s the case, this would lead us to conclude that a great many other things are possible, including the likelihood that you are a Boltzmann Brain. Try The Great Courses Plus at http://ow.ly/4anY30acloO

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Previous Episode:
The Oh My God Particle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osvOr5wbkUw

The second Law of Thermodynamics tells us that everything moves towards a state of greater entropy, but it is low entropy that enables galaxies, stars, planets and human beings. The lowest entropy state that we’re aware of in our universe was right before the Big Bang. The entirety of our own universe was condensed to a microscopic size. What caused this extreme low entropy? If it was caused by a random fluctuation in particles that implies that a great many other things are possible due to the random fluctuations of particles. One of the strangest of those possibilities is that of the Boltzmann Brain. If the Big Bang was caused by random entropic fluctuations then it is much more likely you are a Boltzmann Brain than that you are a human being.

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The Oh My God Particle

April 19th, 2017

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In 1991 a single atomic nucleus slammed into our atmosphere with the intensity of a macroscopic object. It’s been named The Oh-My-God particle. Get your first two months of CuriosityStream free by going to http://curiositystream.com/spacetime and using the promo code “spacetime”.

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Referenced Videos:
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tCMd1ytvWg

Previous Episode:
Telescopes on the Moon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM

Cosmic rays aren’t actually rays at all, but atomic nuclei traveling at close to the speed of light. Typically they are low in energy and are easily deflected by other particles, but on rare occasions an incredibly powerful atomic nuclei strikes the Earth’s surface. The largest of these was the Oh My God Particle.

Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Kurt Ross
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Comments answered by Matt:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM&lc=z13vt3nb3ybdg3ok223kwrmq3nvyv3eyk04

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM&lc=z120zr0rfyi4c335i04cd3sr2wahunehijc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM&lc=z13as1sgjrn1vjb1122yubbjpujodtbua

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM&lc=z12lhfop2y3hitytz23ien34snzztvng104

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Here’s Why I Love PBS

April 10th, 2017

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Here’s how you can get involved:
1. Tell us what you love about public media using #IlovePBS
2. Learn more about public media at http://pbs.org/value.
3. Find your representative at https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members


Telescopes on the Moon

April 5th, 2017

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Find out about China’s current telescope on the moon and what the future plans are for mounting larger telescopes on the lunar surface. And try 23andMe at http://23andme.com/spacetime

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If you missed it on April 1st – Here’s the new Space Time Theme Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EG3SjurCgrA

Referenced Videos:
Telescopes of Tomorrow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoQE5J346mU

Previous Episode:
How Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Hole
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reI

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Alexandra Yep and Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments answered by Matt:
Feynstein 100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reI&lc=z13bd5eqysauzh04104cgtoghljatf0isjs

NuclearCraft Mod
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reI&lc=z13dxviqgsuifduxh04cebjzdxyicl2pthw

AntiTwister – Reddit Thread –
https://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime/comments/62exk3/how_time_becomes_space_inside_a_black_hole/

Nezar Chahdi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reI&lc=z12xwrmiepethnkkx22dxjmqfzuyyrj3f

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How Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Hole | Space Time

March 30th, 2017

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Find out how time and space switch roles when we move beyond the event horizon of the black hole. And try Crunchyroll at https://www.crunchyroll.com/spacetime

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Referenced Videos:

What Happens at the Event Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q&t=48s

The Phantom Singularity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08

The Geometry of Causality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Previous Episode:
Superluminal Time Travel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUMGc8hEkpc

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Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments answered by Matt:
Colin Brown
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek&lc=z13ngfyxvvq5ivsys04cfxaz1pezv51ribs

Feynstein 100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek&lc=z13bjxuafpqnckzkktncsv2yhmq0xkzk

Dankulous Memelord III
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3RPD2BWHliH5QJrGl-XYlw

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Xaera


Superluminal Time Travel + Time Warp Challenge Answer

March 22nd, 2017

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Find out how traveling faster than light and traveling back in time are the same thing. And be sure to tell PBS what types of shows you want to see at https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/pbsds2017 25 random participants in the survey will receive PBS t-shirts.

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By choosing the right path and the right reference frames, any superluminal motion can lead to information or objects returning to their origin before they depart. Matt O’Dowd will show you how to navigate such a path.

Time Warp Challenge Challenge Question – Race to a Habitable Exoplanet 1:44
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tmMKQ4kp_I

The Geometry of Causality 1:39
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Previous Episode
Time Crystals! Space Time Journal Club
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek

Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

And the Space Time Challenge Winners are 


Carlo Bernaschina
Werner van Alphen
Noel Segura
Gadrat Florent
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The combined classroom efforts of Alex Summerfield (w. Ronita, Habiba, Abbie, Daina, Joe, Hugh, Sharif, Johansen, Yahya)

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Time Crystals!

March 15th, 2017

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In this episode of the Space Time Journal Club Matt discusses how two independent research teams created their own Time Crystals, a form of matter that breaks time translational symmetry and could be used in quantum computers.

The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US market. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally.

Previous Episode
Race to a Habitable Exoplanet – Time Warp Challenge
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tmMKQ4kp_I

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Written by Matt O’Dowd and Alexandra Yep
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Comments answered by Matt:

Solano FelĂ­cio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h871oE5QkTU&lc=z13fen0gcsy2cxuta225srzj3wefhzlex

Matthew Pick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h871oE5QkTU&lc=z12uih5qdprmt314t04cjtqioveye1l4iek

WarriorofCathar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h871oE5QkTU&lc=z13oc1dofprgijzft22if1igikrhgzll2


The Race to a Habitable Exoplanet – Time Warp Challenge | Space Time

March 8th, 2017

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You’ve discovered a habitable exoplanet, but so has an an evil interplanetary mining corporation. Can you get to the planet before they strip it bare and leave it unsuitable for life? You’re going to need a ship, the Lorentz Transformation and the Wait Equation. Hang on, it’s going to be a bumpy ride.

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With the discovery of Trappist-1 and its surrounding exoplanets it’s all the more important that we unlock the secrets of long-distance space travel. In order to do that we have to better understand the relationship between space and time and understand how moving faster than the speed of light is the same as traveling back in time.

Previous Episode
The Treasures of Trappist-1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h871oE5QkTU

The Geometry of Causality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Is the Warp Drive possible?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94ed4v_T6YM

Tengu spaceship image and ExoPlanet world Credit CCP: Eve Online

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The Treasures of Trappist-1 | Space Time

March 2nd, 2017

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Can humanity survive on one of the seven earth-like Trappist-1 planets?
And be sure to check out Physics Girl’s Trappist episode right here https://youtu.be/lK2iJe7AM_Q

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Last week, seven earth-like planets were discovered orbiting a Red Dwarf star 39 light years away. Each one could be capable of supporting life.

Previous Episode
The Eye of Sauron Reveals a forming Solar System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQZyaMRp7_0

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Comments answered by Matt:

Aaron Craig
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoQE5J346mU&lc=z13ptbqxilq2wdt5204cjj1rhnqpvr55ad0

s ss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQZyaMRp7_0&lc=z12qjpazrw3lhdtmn22mxf2znoidgfhrg04

Slikrix
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQZyaMRp7_0&lc=z13euz3jyxyiy5yef23mhlprwpmtxnpkm


The Eye of Sauron Reveals a Forming Solar System!

February 22nd, 2017

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Fomalhaut is a massive young star surrounded by a ring of dust debris that can tell us a great deal about the formation of our own solar system. Get your first two months of CuriosityStream free by going to http://curiositystream.com/spacetime and using the promo code “spacetime”.

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Fomalhaut is an awe-inspiring star that could unlock many mysteries concerning how our own solar system formed.

Previous Episode
Telescopes of Tomorrow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoQE5J346mU

Written by Alexandra Yep and Matt O’Dowd
Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Sources:
A Planetary System as the Origin of Structure in Fomalhaut’s Dust Belt
Kalas, Graham & Clampin (2005)
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506574

STIS Coronographic Imaging OF Fomalhaut: Main Belt Structure and teh Orbit of Fomalhaut b
Kalas, Graham ,Fitzgerald & Clampin (2013)
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/56

Infrared Non-detection of Fomalhaut b — Implications for the Planet Interpretation
Janson, Carson, Lafreniere, Spiegel, Bent & Wong (2012)
https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.4388

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John Pettit
Shannan Catalano
Florian Stinglmayr
Yubo Du
Benoit Pagé-Guitard
Ronny Polonia
Nathan Leniz
Jessica Fraley
Kirk Mathews
Loro Lukic
Carl P. Corliss
Brandon labonte
David Crane
Greg Weiss
Eric Jackson