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Our friends at Science Alert are doing a sweepstakes where you can win a 5-day space themed vacation for two. The itinerary includes a trip to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida for astronaut training and a meet and greet with a NASA astronaut. If you’d like to be entered in the draw, just subscribe to their free science newsletter Spark. No purchase necessary. Open to US residents only.
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We have a tabletop game launching! Check it out here! – https://ve42.co/kickstarterdje

▀▀▀
0:00 How a jet engine works
3:18 Why are jet engines so big?
5:17 The Inside of a Jet Engine
8:49 Edge Dislocation
11:11 The First Jet Engine
12:48 Inside the Rolls-Royce Precision Casting Facility
17:07 Nickel Superalloys – Gamma Prime
23:58 Crystal Structure
25:38 Making a Turbine Blade
32:22 Why don’t turbine blades melt?
35:30 Throwing Sand Into a Jet Engine

▀▀▀
A big thanks to Ben Todd, James Banks, Ben Fifoot, Doug Smith, Stefan Wagner, Rumaanah Hoosen and the rest of the team at Rolls-Royce.

A huge thanks also to Professor Howard Stone and Dr George Wise from the University of Cambridge.

We’re also incredibly grateful to Professor Jaafar A. El-Awady, Dr Karen A Thole, Professor Cathie Rae, Professor Paul Withey, Professor Pedro Patrício, Professor José Tavares and Ryan Moreman for their time and expertise.

Thanks to Institute for Materials, Ruhr University Bochum, SFB Transregio 103 for the animation showing the microstructure of the nickel superalloy. Full youtube video here – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYHch5QIWTQ

Thanks to Professor Hongbiao Dong for the animation showing the grain selection in a single crystal turbine blade. Full youtube video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=br9iaeYYxSM

References: https://ve42.co/JetEngineRefs

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Anupam Banerjee, armedtoe, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures & wolfee

▀▀▀

Writers – Emilia Gyles, Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Producer & Director – Emilia Gyles
Presenters – Derek Muller & Henry Van Dyck
Editor – Trenton Oliver
Camera Operators – Jack Coathupe, Justin Wood, Emilia Gyles, Henry Van Dyck & Derek Muller
Animators – Mike Radjabov, Emma Wright & Fabio Albertelli
Additional Editors – James Stuart & Peter Nelson
Researcher – Aakash Singh Bagga
Thumbnail Designers – Ren Hurley, Ben Powell & Abdallah Rabah
Production Team – Josh Pitt, Matthew Cavanagh, Anna Milkovic & Katy Southwood
Executive Producers – Casper Mebius & Derek Muller

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

Travel Ancient Egypt through the eyes of the Greek traveler and Philosopher Herodotus, the first writer to leave a detailed account of Egypt’s cities, temples, customs, and daily life. This video recreates the real Egypt of 2,500 years ago—a thriving civilization of painted temples, bustling Nile towns, sacred rituals, and monumental architecture exactly as Herodotus described it. He describes how the Egyptian Pyramids were built and the Religions of Ancient Egypt.

Please consider joining my Members Channel! I have Exclusive Video Content that I think you will enjoy. Checkout the playlist and see if anything catches your eye! – https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUMOfD1izC-DAoTSm5LCbs4AIQ

The Maps are on sale! Search your home state map at the following link and please give me credit in the post purchase survey – muir-way.com?linkId=IH_20_yt&affluencerId=IH

I hope you get a chance to read my book Enigmatic North America! – https://a.co/d/5wKrHtk

Primary source is Herodotus himself – Herodotus
published in Vol. I of the Loeb Classical Library edition,
1920

Music by CO.AG
Wade into the Quiet of the Stream
This Fascinating World
From the Darkness
My sins alone will wake the dead.

Check out the full original interview with Ron Baron here – https://x.com/BaronCapital/status/1989318999927107663?s=20

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00:00 Advancements in Neuralink and Robotics
04:20 The Vision Behind X and Data Utilization
07:34 Founding OpenAI and Concerns About AI Safety
10:59 XAI: Competing in the AI Race
22:21 Tesla’s Manufacturing Innovations
31:56 Full Self-Driving and AI Advancements
34:43 Elon’s Vision for the Future

I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

#Tesla #elonmusk #twitter #tsla #TeslaNews #TeslaFSD #TeslaFSDBeta #teslastockanalysis #TeslaUpdate #investing #ElonMuskNews #teslanews #EV #FSD #investing

The problem with overconfidence. To help correct your overconfidence we have a tabletop game launching. Pledge your support now on kickstarter! – https://ve42.co/ocdsc

If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates – https://ve42.co/Newsletter

▀▀▀
CHAPTERS:
0:00 The Most Dangerous Cognitive Bias
3:01 How confident are you that you are right?
7:40 Why are people overconfident?
8:53 The Real Dunning-Kruger Effect Graph
10:22 How Your Brain Takes Shortcuts
14:02 How overconfidence is good for you
15:55 Nick Leeson Rogue Trader
17:17 The Importance of Feedback
18:45 How One of England’s Oldest Banks Collapsed
20:41 How To Correct Overconfidence

▀▀▀
A big thanks to Professor Moore and Professor Fischhoff

Thank you to everyone who played the game with us @hankschannel, @fryrsquared, @NileRed , @astrumspace, @MinutePhysics and @LookingGlassUniverse

▀▀▀
References: https://ve42.co/OverconfidenceRefs

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures & wolfee

▀▀▀
Writers: Gabe Strong & Derek Muller
Producer & Director: Gabe Strong
Editor: Max Tobin
Additional Editors: James Stuart, Peter Nelson and Jack Saxon
Camera Operator: Casper Mebius and Gabe Strong
Animators: Alex Drakoulis & Fabio Albertelli
Illustrator: Jakub Misiek
Researchers: Naomi Dinmore
Additional researchers: Callum Cuttle
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ren Hurley & Ben Powell
Production Team: Josh Pitt, Matthew Cavanagh & Anna Milkovic
Executive Producers: Derek Muller & Zoe Heron

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

The world’s first look inside a thermite reaction.

Giants of Patagonia, Magellan, and his trip around the world—one of the most extraordinary adventures in history. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan led a fleet westward from Spain, seeking a route to the Spice Islands and encountering the fabled Giants of Patagonia along the way. His expedition crossed the uncharted Pacific, endured starvation and disease, and saw nearly the entire crew perish. Though Magellan himself died in the Philippines, his surviving men, led by Juan Sebastián Elcano, completed the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1522, returning with a single ship and a cargo of cloves that proved the world could be sailed in one continuous voyage.

Please check out my Members Only Channel for Exclusive content! Thanks for the support! – https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfD1izC-DAoTSm5LCbs4AIQ/join

Muir Way Maps are on Sale! Search your Home State Map. Please give me credit for your purchase in the Post Purchase Survey – https://linktr.ee/incredhistory

My Book Enigmatic North America: Legends, Oddities, and Controversial History is available on Amazon – https://linktr.ee/incredhistory

Thanks for watching my videos!

Bibliography – THE FIRST VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD, MAGELLAN – Antonio Pigafetta

Music by CO.AG
03 Ambient Soundscapes the Edge of Silence
Wonderful Things
From Darkness
Wade into the Quiet of the Stream
My Sins Alone will Wake the Dead

Friar Gaspar de Carvajal’s chronicle describes in haunting detail a lost civilization on the Amazon River. In 1541, a band of Spanish conquistadors servants of the Spanish Empire set out from Peru in search of gold, cinnamon, and glory. What they found instead were vast river cities, fierce warrior women, and an organized civilization that no one in Europe believed could exist.

Led by Gonzalo Pizarro and his lieutenant Francisco de Orellana, the expedition crossed the Andes east of Quito and descended into the green abyss of the unknown. What began as a royal mission for riches became one of the most harrowing journeys in history. Only Friar Carvajal survived to tell the tale—his writings preserving the first European eyewitness account of the Amazon River and the mysterious people who lived along its shores.

Thanks for watching my vids! Check out my Members Channel which features Exclusive Videos. $5 a month and it really helps support my work! I have over 20 videos added for you to enjoy 🙌. Check out the playlist and see if anything catches your eye! – https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUMOfD1izC-DAoTSm5LCbs4AIQ

The Maps are for sale! Search your home state map at the following link and I will get some credit for your purchase. Thanks so much for watching my videos! https://linktr.ee/incredhistory

I wrote a book titled “Enigmatic North America: Legends, Oddities, and Controversial History” and I hope you get a chance to read it! – https://linktr.ee/incredhistory

Bibliography – The Relacion of Gaspar de Carvajal – The Discovery of the Amazon

Music by CO.AG –

I will Awaken when the Sun Sleeps
Village of the Damned
Swamp Dweller
Phantom of the Flannans
My Lost City
Frozen In Time
The Stanley Hotel
Sacred
Prometheus
Lahad
Alone on Stage
Wonderful Things

Most people don’t fully understand evolution. Sponsored by Hostinger – visit https://ve42.co/hostingern8n and use the code VERITASIUM to get an extra discount on top of the sale prices.

If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

Sign up for the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates – https://ve42.co/Newsletter

We have a tabletop game launching! Pledge your support now – https://ve42.co/KickStarterD

▀▀▀
0:00 Why does poop smell bad?
2:51 The Beginning Life
7:15 What is gene mutation?
8:01 Simulating Evolution
13:25 How natural selection works
16:39 What do we pass on?
19:40 Kin Selection
22:04 The Selfish Gene
25:35 It’s all a simulation

▀▀▀
A big thanks to Dr. Jack Szostak at the University of Chicago, Dr. John Sutherland at Cambridge University, Dr. Joanna Masel at the University of Arizona & Dr. Gerald Joyce at the Salk Institute for their expertise and help with the video.

And a huge thank you to Joe Hanson from @besmart for his help!

Check out @PrimerBlobs here!

Check out Richard Dawkins’ The Selfish Gene here – https://ve42.co/SGRD

▀▀▀
References: https://ve42.co/SelfishGeneRefs

Images & Video:
Emperor Penguins Chicks via National Geographic – https://ve42.co/NatGeoPenguin
Child in bed – https://ve42.co/FeverChild
Photo of G.C. Williams – https://ve42.co/GCWilliams
Photo of J. M. Smith – https://ve42.co/JMSmith
Photo of Bob Trivers – https://ve42.co/RTrivers

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Anupam Banerjee, armedtoe, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee

▀▀▀

Writers: Gregor Čavlović, Casper Mebius, Daniel Leonard & Derek Muller
Producer & Director: Gregor Čavlović
Editor: Peter Nelson
Camera Operator: Andrew Abballe
Animators: Fabio Albertelli, Andrew Neet, Emma Wright & Peter Nelson
Illustrator: Jakub Misiek
Simulations: Callum Cuttle
Researchers: Aakash Singh Bagga & Callum Cuttle
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ren Hurley & Ben Powell
Production Team: Josh Pitt, Matthew Cavanagh, Anna Milkovic & Zoe Heron
Executive Producers: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

This is the world’s largest skateboard ramp from @redbull

Sandro Dias broke two world records skating down it but all we could think was…

Why didn’t he start from the very top?

Join my exclusive community: https://farzad.fm

Wrap your Tesla using TESBROS: https://partners.tesbros.com/FARZADMESBAHI
Get $100 off Matic Robots: https://maticrobots.refr.cc/active-customers/u/farzadm?s=sp&t=cp
Use my referral link to purchase a Tesla product https://ts.la/farzad69506

Want to grow your YouTube channel? DM David Carbutt
For 10% discount quote ‘Farzad’ https://x.com/DavidCarbutt_

Use my referral code for ElevenLabs AI voice generator: https://try.elevenlabs.io/erm1aiqf3h3n

Get fit! Mention FARZAD when asking for a quote for a custom-built nutrition and fitness plan: https://www.teamevolveperformance.com/

Join this channel to get access to perks:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgbyN_o-Guwpyqfuuz3pyIw/join

I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

#elonmusk #tesla #tsla #investing #teslanews #teslamodely #teslamodel3 #teslamodels #teslacybertruck #teslastock