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How many times can I half the distance between my hands? Assume perfect coordination and the ability to localize my palms to the quantum level. 15 halvings gets them to within a cell’s width. 33 to within a single atom, 50 and they’re a proton’s width apart. Half the distance 115 times and they’re a single Planck-length apart – 1.6×10^-35 meters. Surely we can keep going – .8, .4, .2 x10^-35 m? Bizarrely, those distances might not even exist in any meaningful way.

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While recent news about the Chinese Long March 5 Rocket made a lot of people very nervous because a 22-ton rocket was going to fall out of the sky, this sort of thing happens all the time. Boosters, dead satellites, and sometimes even old space stations get dropped out of the sky fairly often. While the litter seems a little inconsiderate, this is probably far safer than the alternative. The accumulation of space junk poses a huge risk to all human operations in space especially if we cross the threshold into the chain reaction of exponentially growing collisions known as the Kessler Syndrome.

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https://platform.leolabs.space/visualizations/leo

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It’s fair to say that black holes may be the scariest objects in the universe. Happily for us, the nearest is probably many light-years away. Unless of course, Planck relics are a thing – in which case they might be literally everywhere.

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Quantum mechanics forbids us from measuring the universe beyond a certain level of precision. But that doesn’t stop us from trying. And in some cases succeeding, by squeezing the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to its breaking point.

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Katie McCormick & Matt O’Dowd
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GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei
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End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

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Edmund Fokschaner
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There’s one rule on Space Time: It’s never Aliens. But every rule has an exception and this rule is no exception because: It’s never aliens, until it is. So is it aliens yet? And on today’s Space Time we’re going to examine all the best case scenarios for life beyond Earth.

If you want more alien content, check out the ALIENS! Playlist
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That Einstein guy was a real bummer for our hopes of a star-hopping, science-fiction-y future. His whole “nothing travels faster than light” rule seems to ensure that exploration of even the local part of our galaxy will be an excruciating slow. But Einstein also gave us a glimmer of hope. He showed us that space and time can be warped – and so the warp drive was conceived. Just recently, a couple of papers contend that these are not pure science fiction.

Check Out Our Previous Warp Drive Episode
https://youtu.be/94ed4v_T6YM

Warp Drive Papers

Introducing Physical Warp Drive
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Fv14i7l0KP-KWTdYbNtTILxE10jCkThO/view

Breaking the Warp Barrier
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1idkNv0pe5IJv-t7E5vogbNilbPjIoA79/view

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt Caplan & Matt O’Dowd
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GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
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Timothy McCulloch

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King Zeckendorff
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It may be that for every star in the universe there are billions of microscopic black holes streaming through the solar system, the planet, even our bodies every second. Sounds horrible – but hey, at least we’d have explained dark matter.

Want a very deep understanding of Black Holes? Check out the Black Hole playlist:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNBl4h0i4mI5zDflExXJMo_x

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt Caplan & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
GFX Visualizations: Katherine Kornei
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters

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Juan Benet
Vinnie Falco
Fabrice Eap
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Nick Berard
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Danton Spivey
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John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
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John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

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When a theory makes a prediction that disagrees with an experimental test, sometimes it means we should throw the theory away. But what if that theory has otherwise produced the most successful predictions in all of physics? Then, that little glitch may be pointing the way to layers of physics deeper than we’ve yet imagined. Well, FermiLabs Muon G-2 experiment has been chasing the most promising glitch of all, and they’ve just announced their results.

Announcement Results
https://theory.fnal.gov/events/event/first-results-from-the-muon-g-2-experiment-at-fermilab

Previous Episode of Space Time To Help Understand Muon G-2:

Quantum Mechanics Most Incredible Prediction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UwigY4SjKY&ab_channel=PBSSpaceTime

Muon g-2 Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNBpDZPejCHGzxyfgitj26w9

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“A moving arrow is at rest.” This is obviously a nonsensical contradiction. But Zeno, a Greek philosopher famous for his metaphysical trolling, devised a paradox whose conclusion is just this. Here’s how it goes: if you look at an arrow flying through the air at any instantaneous snapshot in time, the arrow doesn’t travel any distance. If time is composed of an infinite number of these snapshots, and the arrow doesn’t move in any of them, then the arrow is at rest during the entirety of its flight. The moving arrow is at rest.

In fact, if we’re talking about a quantum arrow, there may be a way to freeze its motion simply by looking at it, through the aptly named quantum Zeno effect. The quantum Zeno effect predicts that certain quantum events – like the electrons moving between atomic energy levels, or the decay of atomic nuclei, can be frozen through the simple act of observation. I’m going to tell you about some very real experiments that claim to have demonstrated this phenomenon. But first, let’s see if the quantum Zeno effect can save us from being shot by a quantum arrow.

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I have good news and bad news. Bad news first: two years ago we reported on the Crisis in Cosmology. Since then, it’s only gotten worse. And actually, the good news is also that the crisis in cosmology has actually gotten worse, which means we may be onto something!

The most exciting thing for any scientist is when something they thought they knew turns out to be wrong. So it’s no wonder that many cosmologists are starting to get excited by what has become known as the Hubble tension, or the crisis in cosmology. The “crisis” is the fact that we have two extremely careful, increasingly precise measurements of how fast the universe is expanding which should agree with each other, and yet they don’t.

Original Crisis in Cosmology
https://youtu.be/72cM_E6bsOs

Sabine Hossenfelder’s episode “Do we travel through time at the speed of light?”
https://youtu.be/iBTez-nTKes

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Standard Candle Definition
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/s/Standard+Candle

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