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Could the mysterious Cold Spot found in the CMB be the result of a collision with a bubble universe? Try 23andMe at http://23andme.com/spacetime
____________________________________________________

[CORRECTION: The calculated ISW cooling from cold spot observed voids is 0.000032 Kelvin not 0.032 K as is listed on screen, the actual cold spot temperature differential is 0.000150 Kelvin not 0.15 K, and the actual ISW cooling from the control region is 0.000014 Kelvin not 0.014 K. The actual control region temperature differential is 0.000015 Kelvin not 0.015K. Thanks to Chris Morong for catching this discrepancy!]

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Previous Episode:
The Fate of the First Stars
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4

Space Time Journal Club examines Evidence Against a Supervoid Causing the CMB Cold Spot
https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03814

If you study a map of the Cosmic Microwave Background, or CMB, you may notice a large, deep blue splotch on the lower right. This area, creatively named the Cold Spot. Is this feature a statistical fluke, the signature of vast supervoids, or even the imprint of another universe?

Written by Matt O’Dowd and Alexandra Yep
Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Kurt Ross
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Resources:
Local Voids as the Origin of Large Scale CMB Anomalies
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0602478

Watching Worlds Collide
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2009/04/025

Comments answer by Matt:

Fjellreven
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4&lc=z12cydr5qvbsjpnja04cftmasve4uz1os40

yeme
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4&lc=z13xstcqcwzetxvqr04cef3haoapz1oiork0k

myky992
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4&lc=z12rtll43pybfnifk23tjftzhnb2xd023

Andrew Wright
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4&lc=z12svntwkwumv1n3l23mzlvomtr2zfjtg

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Population III stars were the very first stars in our universe and far larger than any we can see today. Where are they now? Start your Audible trial today at http://www.audible.com/spacetime

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Previous Episode:
Martian Evolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I

Soon after the Big Bang, the first generation of monstrously large stars ignited, lit up the universe, and then died. The resulting swarms of supernova explosions enriched the universe with the first heavy elements and LOTs of black holes. They shaped everything that came after. These were the stars of Population III, and they are one of the most enduring mysteries in astrophysics.

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd and Alexandra Yep
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Kurt Ross
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments answer by Matt:

Better & Better
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z123w5aomzqign4em23th3ejwkepcfhiv04

Matt b
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z12jihfrcnbqgznpp04cj1pqqxjgg3m4rzw0k

Peregrin O’Connor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z122iroyzvvehplyn04chxswuwmqunso2wk0k

Saleem Says
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z121cf0y2lakg1jcw230uz5bfx3xcbrub

David Webster
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z13cezgi1vubsbwkp23zjt1xbsumwvysw

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The first total solar eclipse in over 40 years is about to hit the United States. Get 15% off your next purchase at https://www.legalzoom.com/spacetime. LegalZoom is not a law firm or a substitute for the advice of an attorney. And be sure to check out Vanessa Hill’s documentary Mutant Menu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrDM6Ic2xMM

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Previous Episode:
Ancestor SImulations with Neil deGrasse Tyson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmVOV7xvl58

Get your eclipse glasses ready because the a total solar eclipse is an astronomical event unlike any other.

Written by Alexandra Yep and Matt O’Dowd
Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Kurt Ross
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments answered by Matt:

Skiwi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmVOV7xvl58&lc=z130cjxjkvbbv1vmq22uzdyhyoqthlhxa04

Bubbles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmVOV7xvl58&lc=z134sddyfzfjwfjeq22kzb2wrmundt4la

Shiva Rajbhandari
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmVOV7xvl58&lc=z134fnfpvlzpurfux23gfnfr5kbcjjcjr04

Jason 5499 5499
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmVOV7xvl58&lc=z12vttuy0lups1b5q04cijiz2sbkjh1ydmc0k

CYN MMA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmVOV7xvl58&lc=z12dipegnm2jsbvxc04cjvjjlkektdi5wfc

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Was an incredible drop in entropy responsible for the Big Bang? If that’s the case, this would lead us to conclude that a great many other things are possible, including the likelihood that you are a Boltzmann Brain. Try The Great Courses Plus at http://ow.ly/4anY30acloO

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Previous Episode:
The Oh My God Particle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osvOr5wbkUw

The second Law of Thermodynamics tells us that everything moves towards a state of greater entropy, but it is low entropy that enables galaxies, stars, planets and human beings. The lowest entropy state that we’re aware of in our universe was right before the Big Bang. The entirety of our own universe was condensed to a microscopic size. What caused this extreme low entropy? If it was caused by a random fluctuation in particles that implies that a great many other things are possible due to the random fluctuations of particles. One of the strangest of those possibilities is that of the Boltzmann Brain. If the Big Bang was caused by random entropic fluctuations then it is much more likely you are a Boltzmann Brain than that you are a human being.

Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
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Graphics by Kurt Ross
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The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US market. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally.

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In 1991 a single atomic nucleus slammed into our atmosphere with the intensity of a macroscopic object. It’s been named The Oh-My-God particle. Get your first two months of CuriosityStream free by going to http://curiositystream.com/spacetime and using the promo code “spacetime”.

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Referenced Videos:
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tCMd1ytvWg

Previous Episode:
Telescopes on the Moon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM

Cosmic rays aren’t actually rays at all, but atomic nuclei traveling at close to the speed of light. Typically they are low in energy and are easily deflected by other particles, but on rare occasions an incredibly powerful atomic nuclei strikes the Earth’s surface. The largest of these was the Oh My God Particle.

Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Kurt Ross
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Comments answered by Matt:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM&lc=z13vt3nb3ybdg3ok223kwrmq3nvyv3eyk04

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM&lc=z120zr0rfyi4c335i04cd3sr2wahunehijc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM&lc=z13as1sgjrn1vjb1122yubbjpujodtbua

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHjiXTlFSSM&lc=z12lhfop2y3hitytz23ien34snzztvng104

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Here’s how you can get involved:
1. Tell us what you love about public media using #IlovePBS
2. Learn more about public media at http://pbs.org/value.
3. Find your representative at https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE

Find out about China’s current telescope on the moon and what the future plans are for mounting larger telescopes on the lunar surface. And try 23andMe at http://23andme.com/spacetime

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If you missed it on April 1st – Here’s the new Space Time Theme Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EG3SjurCgrA

Referenced Videos:
Telescopes of Tomorrow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoQE5J346mU

Previous Episode:
How Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Hole
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reI

Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Alexandra Yep and Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments answered by Matt:
Feynstein 100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reI&lc=z13bd5eqysauzh04104cgtoghljatf0isjs

NuclearCraft Mod
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reI&lc=z13dxviqgsuifduxh04cebjzdxyicl2pthw

AntiTwister – Reddit Thread –
https://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime/comments/62exk3/how_time_becomes_space_inside_a_black_hole/

Nezar Chahdi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KePNhUJ2reI&lc=z12xwrmiepethnkkx22dxjmqfzuyyrj3f

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Find out how time and space switch roles when we move beyond the event horizon of the black hole. And try Crunchyroll at https://www.crunchyroll.com/spacetime

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Referenced Videos:

What Happens at the Event Horizon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mht-1c4wc0Q&t=48s

The Phantom Singularity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08

The Geometry of Causality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Previous Episode:
Superluminal Time Travel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUMGc8hEkpc

Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g

Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

Comments answered by Matt:
Colin Brown
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek&lc=z13ngfyxvvq5ivsys04cfxaz1pezv51ribs

Feynstein 100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek&lc=z13bjxuafpqnckzkktncsv2yhmq0xkzk

Dankulous Memelord III
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3RPD2BWHliH5QJrGl-XYlw

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Dylan Merida
Amy Jie
Anthony Caridi
Avi Goldfinger
Shannan Catalano
Florian Stinglmayr
Yubo Du
Benoit Pagé-Guitard
Ronny Polonia
Nathan Leniz
Jessica Fraley
Kirk Mathews
Loro Lukic
Carl P. Corliss
Brandon labonte
David Crane
Greg Weiss
Eric Jackson
Xaera

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Find out how traveling faster than light and traveling back in time are the same thing. And be sure to tell PBS what types of shows you want to see at https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/pbsds2017 25 random participants in the survey will receive PBS t-shirts.

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By choosing the right path and the right reference frames, any superluminal motion can lead to information or objects returning to their origin before they depart. Matt O’Dowd will show you how to navigate such a path.

Time Warp Challenge Challenge Question – Race to a Habitable Exoplanet 1:44
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tmMKQ4kp_I

The Geometry of Causality 1:39
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YFrISfN7jo

Previous Episode
Time Crystals! Space Time Journal Club
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5l1KxgHH2Ek

Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

And the Space Time Challenge Winners are …

Carlo Bernaschina
Werner van Alphen
Noel Segura
Gadrat Florent
Riley Fitzgerald
The combined classroom efforts of Alex Summerfield (w. Ronita, Habiba, Abbie, Daina, Joe, Hugh, Sharif, Johansen, Yahya)

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