What Happens During a Quantum Jump?

January 12th, 2021

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Erratum: Figures in episode should be Minev et al. (2019), not Minney et al. (2009). Our apologies to the authors!

This is the experiment we talk about:
To Catch and Reverse a Quantum Jump Mid-Flight
Minev, Mundhada, Shankar, Reinhold, Gutiérrez-Jáuregui, Schoelkopf,
Mirrahimi, Carmichael & Devoret (2019), Nature, v.570, p.200
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1287-z

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Since the very beginning of quantum mechanics, a debate has raged about how to interpret its bizarre predictions. And at the heart and origin of that debate is the quantum jump or quantum leap – the seemingly miraculous and instantaneous transitions of quantum systems that have always defied observation or prediction. At least, until now.

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Katie McCormick & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters

Big Bang Supporeters
Matthew Miller
Clinton Robinson
Sean Maddox
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Hank S
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Sean Mehra
Ben Delo
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Alex Edwards
Nick
Ádám Kettinger
Sylvain Leduc
Matthew Harlow
Robert C Schupp
Anthony Kahng
MD3
Endre Pech
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Derek Davis
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
DrJYou
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Cody
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Martin J Lollar
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte


Navigating with Quantum Entanglement

December 22nd, 2020

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Check Out Weathered on PBS Terra
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znSN7ZFIaOg&ab_channel=PBSTerra

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

We often think of quantum mechanics as only affecting only the smallest scales of reality, with classical reality taking over at some intermediate level. But in his 1944 book, What is Life?, the quantum physicist Erwin Schrödinger suggested that “incredibly small groups of atoms, much too small to display exact statistical laws, do play a dominating role in the very orderly and lawful events within a living organism.” Schrodinger was a visionary – and perhaps very specifically in this case. Because it turns out we might need all the weirdness of quantum mechanics to explain birds.

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Dan Garisto & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters

Big Bang Supporters
Matthew Miller
Clinton Robinson
Sean Maddox
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Hank S
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
william bryan
Ben Delo
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Robert C Schupp
Anthony Kahng
MD3
Endre Pech
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Derek Davis
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
DrJYou
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
Fieldsa Eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Martin J Lollar
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Richard Deighton


The Supernova At The End of Time

December 15th, 2020

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Good news everyone: it looks like the universe is going to end with a series of catastrophic explosions. The very, very long story short is that the universe ends in heat death, as it approaches maximum entropy, and its eternal exponential expansion drives it to effective utter emptiness and absolute cold. But new calculations have revealed we may be able to look forward to one last source of astrophysical cataclysms – a new type of supernova that can only happen at the end of the universe.

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, & Adriano Leal
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters

Big Bang
Ahmad Jodeh
Alexander Tamas
Brodie Rao
Clinton Robinson
David Nicklas
Fabrice Eap
Juan Benet
Mark Rosenthal
Matthew Miller
Morgan Hough
Radu Negulescu
Scott Gray
Sean Maddox

Quasar
Christina Oegren
Hank S
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
Alec S-L
Ben Delo
chuck zegar
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
Edmund Fokschaner
Jason Finn
John Hofmann
John Pollock
John R. Slavik
Jordan Young
Joseph Salomone
Julian Tyacke
Justin Jermyn
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
m0nk
Mark Matthew Bosko
Mathew
Matthew O’Connor
Nicholas Newlin
Timothy McCulloch
william bryan
Антон Кочков

Gamma Ray Burst
A G
Adrian Hatch
AlecZero
Andreas Nautsch
Andrew Mann
Andrew Richmond
Anthony Kahng
Astaurus
Astronauticist
Bill Blair
Bleys Goodson
Bradley Jenkins
Brandon labonte
Brandon Lattin
Brian Blanchard
Bruce B
Cameron Sampson
Cass Costello
Christopher Barron
Craig Stonaha
Dan Warren
Daniel Jennings
Daniel Lyons
Darren Duncan
Darryl J Lyle
David Hughes
David Johnston
Dawn M Fink
Derek Davis
Devon Rosenthal
DFaulk
DrJYou
Endre Pech
Eric Kiebler
Eric Webster
fieldsa eleanory
Frederic Simon
Geoffrey Clarion
Geoffrey Short
Graydon Goss
Greg Smith
Isaac Suttell
Ismael Montecel
J. King
James Ramsey
Jeremiah Johnson
Jeremy Reed
John Funai
John Griffith
John Robinson
Kevin Lee
Kevin O’Connell
Kevin Warne
Kyle Hofer
Lily kawaii
Luaan
Lucas Morgan
Malte Ubl
Mark Daniel Cohen
Martin J Lollar
Martin Skans
MD3
Michael Barton
Michael Conroy
Mirik Gogri
Mr T
Nate
Nick Virtue
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Oliver Flanagan
Patrick Sutton
Peter Mertz
Pratik Mukherjee
Richard Deighton
Robert C Schupp
Robert Ilardi
Robert Walter
Russ Creech
Scott Gossett
Shane Calimlim
Simon Oliphant
Steven Sartore
Tim Stephani
Tonyface
Tybie Fitzhugh
Yannick Weyns
Yurii Konovaliuk


Why Do You Remember The Past But Not The Future?

December 8th, 2020

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

The laws of physics don’t specify an arrow of time – they don’t distinguish the past from the future. The equations we use to describe how things evolve forward in time also perfectly describe their evolution backwards in time. So the brain is a thing ruled by the laws of physics – why does the brain and the conscious experience that emerges from it, see the arrow of time so clearly? In other words why do we remember the past and not the future?

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski & Adriano Leal
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors:

Big Bang Sponsors:
Clinton Robinson
Sean Maddox
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Sponsors
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova Sponsors
Ben Delo
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Robert C Schupp
Anthony Kahng
MD3
Endre Pech
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Derek Davis
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
DrJYou
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Martin J Lollar
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte


The Arrow of Time and How to Reverse It

November 18th, 2020

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Ever wish you could travel backward in time and do things differently? Good news: the laws of physics seem to say traveling backward in time is the same as traveling forwards. So why do we seem to be stuck in this inexorable flow towards the future? It’s time to begin our journey towards really understanding time.

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Producers

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova Supporters
William Bryan
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
DrJYou
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Martin J Lollar
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan


Can Free Will be Saved in a Deterministic Universe?

November 11th, 2020

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Physicists have a long history of sticking our noses where they don’t belong – and one of our favorite places to step beyond our expertise is the question of consciousness and free will. Sometimes our musings are insightful, sometimes incoherent, and usually at least somewhat naive. Which a fair description of this show, so of course Space Time needs to weigh in physics and free will..

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd & Bahar Gholipour
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Producers

Big Bang Sponsors
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Sponsors
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
william bryan
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
drjyou
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Martin Skans
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan


Electroweak Theory and the Origin of the Fundamental Forces

November 4th, 2020

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

Our universe seems pretty complicated. We have a weird zoo of elementary particles, which interact through very different fundamental forces. But some extremely subtle clues in nature have led us to believe that the forces of nature were once unified, ruled by a single, grand symmetry. But how does one force separate into multiple? And how do the forces of nature arise from mathematical symmetries in the first place?

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Graeme Gossel & Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon List

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova
William Bryan
L. Wayne Ausbrooks
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Chuck Zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst
Jason Normandin
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Astaurus
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan


Why No One Has Measured The Speed Of Light

October 31st, 2020

Physics students learn the speed of light, c, is the same for all inertial observers but no one has ever actually measured it in one direction. Thanks to Kiwico for sponsoring this video. For 50% off your first month of any crate, go to https://kiwico.com/veritasium50

Huge thanks to Destin from Smarter Every Day for always being open and willing to engage in new ideas. If you haven’t subscribed already, what are you waiting for: https://ve42.co/SED

For an overview of the one-way speed of light check out the wiki page: https://ve42.co/wiki1way

The script was written in consultation with subject matter experts:
Prof. Geraint Lewis, University of Sydney https://ve42.co/gfl
Prof. Emeritus Allen Janis, University of Pittsburgh
Prof. Clifford M. Will, University of Florida https://ve42.co/cmw
The stuff that’s correct is theirs. Any errors are mine.

References:
Einstein, A. (1905). On the electrodynamics of moving bodies. Annalen der physik, 17(10), 891-921.
(English) https://ve42.co/E1905 (German) https://ve42.co/G1905

Greaves, E. D., Rodríguez, A. M., & Ruiz-Camacho, J. (2009). A one-way speed of light experiment. American Journal of Physics, 77(10), 894-896. https://ve42.co/Greaves09

Response to Greaves et al. paper — https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.3616
Finkelstein, J. (2009). One-way speed of light?. arXiv, arXiv-0911.

The Philosophy of Space and Time – Reichenbach, H. (2012). Courier Corporation.

Anderson, R., Vetharaniam, I., & Stedman, G. E. (1998). Conventionality of synchronisation, gauge dependence and test theories of relativity. Physics reports, 295(3-4), 93-180. https://ve42.co/Anderson98

A review article about simultaneity — Janis, Allen, “Conventionality of Simultaneity”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.) https://ve42.co/janis

Will, C. M. (1992). Clock synchronization and isotropy of the one-way speed of light. Physical Review D, 45(2), 403. https://ve42.co/Will92

Zhang, Y. Z. (1995). Test theories of special relativity. General Relativity and Gravitation, 27(5), 475-493. https://ve42.co/Zhang95

Mansouri, R., & Sexl, R. U. (1977). A test theory of special relativity: I. Simultaneity and clock synchronization. General relativity and Gravitation, 8(7), 497-513. https://ve42.co/Sexl

Research and writing by Derek Muller and Petr Lebedev
Animations by Ivy Tello
VFX, music, and space animations by Jonny Hyman
Filmed by Raquel Nuno

Special thanks for reviewing earlier drafts of this video to:
Dominic Walliman, Domain of Science: https://ve42.co/DoS
Henry Reich, Minutephysics: https://ve42.co/MP
My Patreon supporters

Additional music from https://epidemicsound.com “Observations 2”


How The Penrose Singularity Theorem Predicts The End of Space Time

October 27th, 2020

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE
↓ More info below ↓

The Nobel prize in physics this year went to black holes. Generally speaking. Specifically, it was shared by the astronomers who revealed to us the Milky Way’s central black hole and by Roger Penrose, who proved that in general relativity, every black hole contains a place of infinite gravity – a singularity. But the true impact of Penrose’s singularity theorem would is much deeper – it leads us to the limits Einstein’s great theory and to the origin of the universe.

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

Check out the Space Time Merch Store
https://pbsspacetime.com/

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Sponsors!

Big Bang Supporters
Sean Maddox
Marty Yudkovitz
Brodie Rao
Scott Gray
Robert Doxtator
Ahmad Jodeh
Caed Aldwych
Radu Negulescu
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Justin Lloyd
Christina Oegren
Mark Heising
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova Supporters
william bryan
Nicholas Newlin
Mark Matthew Bosko
Justin Jermyn
Jason Finn
Антон Кочков
Alec S-L
Julian Tyacke
Syed Ansar
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
m0nk
Hank S
John Hofmann
Timothy McCulloch

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Jason Normandin
Cameron Sampson
Pratik Mukherjee
Geoffrey Clarion
Astronauticist
Nate
Darren Duncan
Lily kawaii
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Max Bernard
Magistrala Хемус [Kybrit]
Bill Blair
Eric Webster
Steven Sartore
James Younger
David Johnston
J. King
Michael Barton
Christopher Barron
James Ramsey
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Jeremiah Johnson
fieldsa eleanory
Peter Mertz
Kevin O’Connell
Richard Deighton
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Dawn M Fink
Bleys Goodson
Darryl J Lyle
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Ismael Montecel
M D
Andrew Richmond
Simon Oliphant
Mirik Gogri
David Hughes
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Yannick Weyns
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Brian Blanchard
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Tatiana Vorovchenko
Craig Stonaha
Michael Conroy
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Greg Smith
Sean Warniaha
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
Kevin Lee
Adrian Hatch
Yurii Konovaliuk
John Funai
Cass Costello
Geoffrey Short
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Tim Stephani
Luaan
AlecZero
Malte Ubl
Nick Virtue
Scott Gossett
David Bethala
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne
Andreas Nautsch
Brandon labonte
Lucas Morgan


What Actually Expands In An Expanding Universe?

October 23rd, 2020

As the universe expands, #expanding #space is said to “stretch” photons. But if it stretches photons, does it also stretch molecules, galaxies and you? A portion of this video was sponsored by Salesforce. Go to https://salesforce.com/veritasium to learn more.

Special thanks to Geraint Lewis – this video was based on his paper “On the relativity of redshifts”
https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.08634
Check out his YouTube channel: https://ve42.co/gfl and books: https://ve42.co/GFLbooks

References:
Expanding Space: the Root of all Evil?
Matthew J. Francis, Luke A. Barnes, J. Berian James, Geraint F. Lewis
https://arxiv.org/abs/0707.0380

Editing and VFX by Trenton Oliver
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci

Music from https://epidemicsound.com

#SMB #smallbiz #startups #SalesforceEssentials