The Real Star Wars

July 20th, 2017

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Anti-Satellite weaponry, giant X-ray lasers and kinetic impact missiles nicknamed the “Rods from God.” Find out about the history of the real star wars that have been waged over the past 50 years. Get a one month trial of The Great Courses Plus at http://ow.ly/e5be30beNu3

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Solving the Impossible in Quantum Field Theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1WZ-eJW8Y

The decades directly following World War II were a time of optimism in many ways. Industrialization was finally improving quality of life for a lot of us, science was making incredible bounds, and our sights were set on the stars. It seemed to many that we were on a trajectory to a space-faring technological utopia. The United Federation of Planets was just around the corner. But the possibility of a much darker space age also loomed: one in which the space around the Earth became highly militarized, and in fact massively weaponized.

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Comments answer by Matt:

RosieisaBoss
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1WZ-eJW8Y&lc=z12wdnazlyb0dtblw22fhbgb4lmrvfrle

Nicholas Aiello
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1WZ-eJW8Y&lc=z13rcftxeprthjkmc22cstaploneybp2s

Zach Crawford
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1WZ-eJW8Y&lc=z13kd3wg4v3tx1xvo23jwrwzrorah5jfa

NuclearCraft Mod
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1WZ-eJW8Y&lc=z13xurhbopmywd4ue22lvzujjnm4cpifj

Lophat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1WZ-eJW8Y&lc=z12bhbf4irfzfxqw204chxarfyncfdqgbng0k

OnlyNameLeftHere
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1WZ-eJW8Y&lc=z130j5qprnr2up0tj23us1qrqxyeyhr3z

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Posted in Physics |

Solving the Impossible in Quantum Field Theory

July 12th, 2017

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How do you calculate infinite quantum outcomes? Feynman Diagrams. Get your first two months of Curiosity Stream for free by going https://curiositystream.com/spacetime and using the promo code “spacetime” at sign up.

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Previous Episode:
Feynman’s Infinite Quantum Paths
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFRN-ymfgE

The equations of quantum field theory allow us to calculate the behaviour of subatomic particles by expressing them as vibrations in quantum fields. But even the most elegant and complete formulations of quantum physics – like the Dirac equation or Feynman’s path integral – become impossibly complicated when we try to use them on anything but the most simple systems. But physicists tend to interpret “that’s impossible” as “I dare you to try!” And try they did. First they expressed these impossible equations in approximate but solvable forms. Then they tackled the pesky infinities that kept appearing in these new, approximate equations. Finally, the entire mess was ordered into a system that mere humans could deal using the famous Feynman diagrams.

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Comments answer by Matt:

Christian Haas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFRN-ymfgE&lc=z132vnrhvkq1d3wbi04cdvewopzqjhtidn40k

Psy Kosh
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFRN-ymfgE&lc=z12evvsbtvahjprpx04cclc4nprifxdzwcc

lohphat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFRN-ymfgE&lc=z123gzmhdyezideg504chbuy2rnne1tjx5c

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Posted in Physics |

How We’re Redefining the kg

July 12th, 2017

In 2018 the kg will be defined by Planck’s constant, not a hunk of metal.
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Special thanks to the staff at NIST who made this possible: Darine Haddad, Jon Pratt, Stephan Schlamminger, and Ben Stein.

Additional footage and animations by Sean Kelley, Jennifer Lauren Lee, and Frank Seifert.

I have been obsessed with measurement for a long time and I’m not sure quite how it happened. The world’s roundest object played a role in this. I guess I’m just fascinated by how difficult it is to pin down a quantity like a kilogram. A physical object seemed like a good idea until the mass of the international prototype kilogram wasn’t as constant as expected. These methods of the Kibble balance and silicon sphere have shown better precision than 20 parts per billion, making them superior to the old method. The agreement between Avogadro approaches

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Feynman’s Infinite Quantum Paths

July 7th, 2017

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How to predict the path of a quantum particle. Part 3 in our Quantum Field Theory Series.

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Previous Episode:
The First Quantum Field Theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATcrrzJFtBY

There is a fundamental limit to the knowability of the universe. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle tells us that the more precisely we try to define one property, the less definable is its counterpart. Knowing a particle’s location perfectly means its velocity is unknowable. But unmeasured properties are not just uncertain; they are undefined. Quantum mechanics seems to imply that ALL possible properties, paths, or events that could reasonably occur between measurements DO occur. Whether or not this is true, a mathematical description of this crazy idea led to the most powerful expression of quantum mechanics ever devised: Richard Feynman’s path integral formulation.

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Comments answer by Matt:

Satya Prakash
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATcrrzJFtBY&lc=z12bv5hpgoyadn20522zfvo5eur2vftyy04

Jakub Mintal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATcrrzJFtBY&lc=z13pvhcyeyj1uzqxv04cejkbtsm1shfgkug0k

The EEZZ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATcrrzJFtBY&lc=z12bdbax0ymdgvqec23ps1pyovjuh3zv2

Lazarus The adventurer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATcrrzJFtBY&lc=z13pgd0z4uudt55fa22nthxykxilfbrcy

ForTiorI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATcrrzJFtBY&lc=z123hrop2tmlhnx1l23fdznq4q24ft4iw04

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Posted in Physics |

The First Quantum Field Theory

June 28th, 2017

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Quantum Electrodynamics is the first true Quantum Field Theory. Part 2 in our series on Quantum Field Theory. Signup for your free trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/D0Ne30beNrn

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Previous Episode:
Anti-Matter and Quantum Field Theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYkaahzFWfo

Quantum mechanics is perhaps the most unintuitive theory ever devised. And yet it’s also the most successful, in terms of sheer predictive power. Simply by following the math of quantum mechanics, incredible discoveries have been made. Its wild success tells us that the mathematical description provided by quantum mechanics reflects deep truths about reality. And by far the most successful, most predictive formulation of quantum mechanics is quantum field theory. It is our best description we have of the fundamental workings of reality. And the first part of quantum field theory that was derived – quantum electrodynamics – is the most precise, most accurate of all.

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Comments answer by Matt:
Feynstein 100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYkaahzFWfo&lc=z131sffqsqqcfxaai04cgtoghljatf0isjs

Vacuum Diagrams
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYkaahzFWfo&lc=z12is3mb3oj2evimc23md5ipdy2xvb33y

Norbert Laskowski
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYkaahzFWfo&lc=z13pgnpporizujnxn04cgrkr5vedjxmz3rc0k

Christian Haas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYkaahzFWfo&lc=z13rdjbjiseovl2tn22iur55jxnvifmgt04

John LaBrie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYkaahzFWfo&lc=z13dtlmqjoesypdgk04cin3jmzmosjpplcw

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Posted in Physics |

Hydrodynamic Levitation!

June 26th, 2017

On a stream of water you can levitate light balls of all sizes and even disks and cylinders. The mechanism is not the Bernoulli effect…
Want to make this at home? https://youtu.be/BppcHF2EdAY

My friend Blake from InnoVinci emailed me with a cool idea for a video and footage of levitating balls in water streams. Initially it was tough to explain the physics of what was going on. The standard Bernoulli effect relies on the object being completely immersed in the upward-flowing fluid. But in this case the water seems to form a single stream around the object and it’s deflected away and down from the stream. By Newton’s third law, the force on the water by the ball is equal and opposite to the force of the water back on the ball, pushing it up into the stream. There is a stable equilibrium position because if the ball moves into the stream, it “cuts off” the water going over the ball so it drifts out. If it drifts out too far, then lots of water passes over the ball, pushing it back into the stream.

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Posted in Uncategorized |

Anti-Matter and Quantum Relativity

June 21st, 2017

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Paul Dirac’s insights into the nature of Quantum Mechanics laid the foundation for Quantum Field Theory and predicted the existence of anti-matter. Part 1 in our series on Quantum Field Theory. Try Skillshare at http://skl.sh/spacetime

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Book recommendations:
The Quantum Divide, by Christopher Gerry & Kimberley Bruno
The Character of Physical Law, by Richard Feynman

Previous Episode:
Supervoids vs Colliding Universes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA

It’s 1928. Over the past quarter century, the greatest geniuses of the modern era discovered the two keys to the fundamental nature of reality. Einstein’s theories of special and general relativity had changed forever the way we think of motion, space, and time. And the emerging field of quantum mechanics had radically altered our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of the universe. Yet this year one brilliant insight would bring these theories together and unveil the quantum fabric of reality. It would also predict the existence of antimatter.

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Comments answered by Matt:

Sourcedrop
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA&lc=z12fglgxiqyuzroqx04cjly40pboiddbqt40k

Vhsjpdfg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA&lc=z13jylhxnpqzwjt5s04cehcilubxjvaoqp40k

Galdo145
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA&lc=z135j5141pmhv1yop04cfdcjmojfgnbqznw0k

Pradhyumn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS0rxX-UhA&lc=z122hjuyfybrxpr3a22vctvxhkeahfmwq04

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Posted in Physics |

Sandwich Bag Fire Starter

June 8th, 2017

Grant Thompson – the King of Random – teaches me how to start a fire with a Sandwich bag. And we tried to melt glass in my backyard: https://goo.gl/zb0uE0
Check out his channel: http://ve42.co/KoR

The intensity of sunlight on Earth is about 1300 Watts per square meter. When you focus the sun’s rays using a magnifying glass (or in this case sphere of water) you can increase the intensity roughly ten thousand fold. This increases the temperature of wood to its autoignition point starting the reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere. By protecting the hot embers and adding more energy and fuel, you can get these hot coals to start a roaring fire.

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Supervoids vs Colliding Universes!

June 7th, 2017

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Could the mysterious Cold Spot found in the CMB be the result of a collision with a bubble universe? Try 23andMe at http://23andme.com/spacetime
____________________________________________________

[CORRECTION: The calculated ISW cooling from cold spot observed voids is 0.000032 Kelvin not 0.032 K as is listed on screen, the actual cold spot temperature differential is 0.000150 Kelvin not 0.15 K, and the actual ISW cooling from the control region is 0.000014 Kelvin not 0.014 K. The actual control region temperature differential is 0.000015 Kelvin not 0.015K. Thanks to Chris Morong for catching this discrepancy!]

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Previous Episode:
The Fate of the First Stars
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4

Space Time Journal Club examines Evidence Against a Supervoid Causing the CMB Cold Spot
https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03814

If you study a map of the Cosmic Microwave Background, or CMB, you may notice a large, deep blue splotch on the lower right. This area, creatively named the Cold Spot. Is this feature a statistical fluke, the signature of vast supervoids, or even the imprint of another universe?

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Resources:
Local Voids as the Origin of Large Scale CMB Anomalies
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0602478

Watching Worlds Collide
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2009/04/025

Comments answer by Matt:

Fjellreven
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4&lc=z12cydr5qvbsjpnja04cftmasve4uz1os40

yeme
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4&lc=z13xstcqcwzetxvqr04cef3haoapz1oiork0k

myky992
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4&lc=z12rtll43pybfnifk23tjftzhnb2xd023

Andrew Wright
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pSUtWBiuB4&lc=z12svntwkwumv1n3l23mzlvomtr2zfjtg

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Posted in Physics |

The Fate of the First Stars

May 31st, 2017

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Population III stars were the very first stars in our universe and far larger than any we can see today. Where are they now? Start your Audible trial today at http://www.audible.com/spacetime

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Martian Evolution
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Soon after the Big Bang, the first generation of monstrously large stars ignited, lit up the universe, and then died. The resulting swarms of supernova explosions enriched the universe with the first heavy elements and LOTs of black holes. They shaped everything that came after. These were the stars of Population III, and they are one of the most enduring mysteries in astrophysics.

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Comments answer by Matt:

Better & Better
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z123w5aomzqign4em23th3ejwkepcfhiv04

Matt b
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z12jihfrcnbqgznpp04cj1pqqxjgg3m4rzw0k

Peregrin O’Connor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z122iroyzvvehplyn04chxswuwmqunso2wk0k

Saleem Says
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z121cf0y2lakg1jcw230uz5bfx3xcbrub

David Webster
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLR_a1MAy9I&lc=z13cezgi1vubsbwkp23zjt1xbsumwvysw

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