Learn More About Anydesk: https://anydesk.com/spacetime

To observe the quantum nature of gravity and of spacetime itself, we need a particle collider the size of the solar system. Or we could just physics smarter and build one on a lab bench. Here’s how.

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Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Chistopher Pollack, Boris Ragula, & Matt O’Dowd
Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
Executive Producer: Andrew Kornhaber
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell

Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2025 PBS. All rights reserved.

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka

Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By:

Big Bang
Alexander Tamas
Juan Benet
Mark Rosenthal
Morgan Hough
Peter Barrett
Tj Steyn
Vinnie Falco

Supernova
Ethan Cohen
Glenn Sugden
Grace Biaelcki
Mark Heising
Stephen Wilcox
Tristan Lucian Claudius Aurelius Tyacke

Hypernova
Alex Kern
Ben Delo
Cal Stephens
chuck zegar
David Giltinan
Dean Galvin
Donal Botkin
Gregory Forfa
Jesse Cid Dyer
John R. Slavik
Justin Lloyd
Kenneth See
Massimiliano Pala
Michael Tidwell
Mike Purvis
Paul Stehr-Green
Scott Gorlick
Scott Gray
Spencer Jones
Stephen Saslow
Stephen Spidle
Thomas Mouton
Zachary Haberman
Антон Кочков
Daniel Muzquiz

Gamma Ray Burst
Alex Gan
Aaron Pinto
Adrien Molyneux
Almog Cohen
Anthony Leon
Arko Provo Mukherjee
Ayden Miller
Ben McIntosh
Bradley Jenkins
Bradley Ulis
Brandon Lattin
Brian Cook
Bryan White
Christopher Wade
Chuck Lukaszewski
Collin Dutrow
Craig Falls
Craig Stonaha
Dan Warren
Daniel Donahue
Daniel Jennings
Daron Woods
Darrell Stewart
David Johnston
Diana S Poljar
Doyle Vann
Eric Kiebler
Eric Raschke
Faraz Khan
Frederic Simon
Harsh Khandhadia
Ian Williams
Isaac Suttell
James Trimmier
Jeb Campbell
Jeremy Soller
Jerry Thomas
jim bartosh
John Anderson
John De Witt
John Funai
John H. Austin, Jr.
Joseph Salomone
Junaid Ali
Justin Waters
Kacper Cieśla
Kane Holbrook
Keith Pasko
Kent Durham
Koen Wilde
Kurt Gottselig
Lori Ferris
Marcelo Garcia
Marion Lang
Mark Daniel Cohen
Mark Delagasse
Matt Quinn
Matthew Johnson
Michael Barton
Michael Clark
Michael Lev
Michael Purcell
Nathaniel Bennett
Nick Hoffenstoffer III
Nicolas Katsantonis
Param Saxena
Paul Wood
Rad Antonov
Reuben Brewer
Richard Steenbergen
Robert DeChellis
Ross Story
Russell Moore
Sandhya Devi
Satwik Pani
Sean Owen
Shane Calimlim
SilentGnome
Sound Reason
Steffen Bendel
Steven Giallourakis
Terje Vold
Thomas Dougherty
Todd J Lerner
Tomaz Lovsin
Tybie Fitzhugh
Vlad Shipulin
WILLIAM HAY III
Zac Sweers

They Are Here: https://farzad.fm
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Wrap your Tesla using TESBROS: https://partners.tesbros.com/FARZADMESBAHI
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For 10% discount quote ‘Farzad’ https://x.com/DavidCarbutt_

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I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

#Tesla #elonmusk #twitter #tsla #TeslaNews #TeslaFSD #TeslaFSDBeta #teslastockanalysis #TeslaUpdate #investing #ElonMuskNews #teslanews #EV #FSD #investing

The real impact of spin on a football—explained with ⁨@tombrady.

Full Livestream: https://x.com/i/broadcasts/1ypKdqakZaYGW

They Are Here: https://farzad.fm
Substack: https://substack.com/@farzadmedia
Wrap your Tesla using TESBROS: https://partners.tesbros.com/FARZADMESBAHI
Get $100 off Matic Robots: https://maticrobots.refr.cc/active-customers/u/farzadm?s=sp&t=cp
Use my referral link to purchase a Tesla product https://ts.la/farzad69506

Want to grow your YouTube channel? DM David Carbutt
For 10% discount quote ‘Farzad’ https://x.com/DavidCarbutt_

Use my referral code for ElevenLabs AI voice generator: https://try.elevenlabs.io/erm1aiqf3h3n

Get fit! Mention FARZAD when asking for a quote for a custom-built nutrition and fitness plan: https://www.teamevolveperformance.com/

Join this channel to get access to perks:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgbyN_o-Guwpyqfuuz3pyIw/join

I worked at Tesla starting from 2017 thru 2021. I spent most of my time in the distribution and supply chain organizations in leadership positions.

Before Tesla, I was a Director of Business Intelligence and Pricing at the largest Pet Food & Supply distributor in the US, Phillips Pet Food & Supplies. My wife and I also owned a small business in Bethlehem, PA between 2016 and 2019.

I have been a shareholder of Tesla since 2012 and currently own Tesla stock. Nothing I say constitutes as investment or financial advice.

My thoughts are my own and are not representative of everyone who currently works, or has worked at Tesla, Phillips, or any other company or organization I discuss on this channel.

If you like this content I would greatly appreciate your likes and shares!

#elonmusk #tommyrobinson #uk

The surprising science of escalators. Sponsored by Brilliant – check out https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start learning for free.
Plus, our viewers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription for unlimited daily access to all Brilliant courses.

If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

▀▀▀
A massive thank you to Emily Zhang for suggesting this idea and helping shape it.

A huge thanks to the team at OTIS, especially Ed Jacovino, Gregory Sefcik and Dirk Winkelhake, for their time and expertise.

Thank you also to Professor Gero Gschwendtner, Professor Michael Fu, and Dr. Peter Kauffmann for all their help on the project.

▀▀▀
0:00 When escalators go wrong
2:43 The first escalator
5:01 How does an escalator work?
8:35 Why do escalators have grooves?
10:05 Why do escalators have brushes?
10:21 The hand rail moves faster than the steps
12:05 You generate electricity on escalators
14:09 How does an escalator break?
18:47 How safe are escalators really?

▀▀▀
References: https://ve42.co/EscalatorRefs
Images & Video: https://ve42.co/EscalatorImgRefs

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, Anupam Banerjee, Gnare, Ibby Hadeed, Jon Jamison, Juan Benet, Lee Redden, Meekay, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Ubiquity Ventures, Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, gpoly, Jeromy Johnson, JT, Justin Waters, KeyWestr, Kyi, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Robert Oliveira, Tj Steyn, wolfee.

▀▀▀
Writers – Darius Garewal, Casper Mebius, Emily Zhang & Derek Muller
Presenters – Derek Muller & Latif Nasser
Producer & Director – Darius Garewal
Editor – Spencer Wright
Camera Operators – Derek Muller, Darius Garewal & Gregory Sefcik
Animators – Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, Saif Javed, Andrew Neet & Rokas Viksraitis
Illustrators – Jakub Misiek & Nataly Zhuk
Additional Editors – James Stuart, James Horsley, Peter Nelson & Kyle Rossiter
Researchers – HyoJeong Choi, Callum Cuttle & Gabe Strong
Thumbnail Designers – Ren Hurley, Ben Powell & Abdallah Rabah
Production Team – Nicola Griffiths, Josh Pitt, Rob Beasley Spence & Casper Mebius
Executive Producers – Casper Mebius & Derek Muller

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 & StoryBlocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

Remove your personal information from the web at https://joindeleteme.com/SPACETIME

One of the most important reasons we go to space is to know our own planet better. Today I’m going to tell you about an orbiting facility that literally watches Earth’s biosphere breath and grow and die with incredible resolution. I’ll talk about its profound existential and economic importance, and about why it’s in danger of being lost.

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE

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Pale Blue Dot By Carl Sagan
https://youtu.be/wupToqz1e2g?feature=shared&t=3

Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Fernando Franco Félix & Matt O’Dowd
Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
Executive Producer: Andrew Kornhaber
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell

Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2025 PBS. All rights reserved.

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka

Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By:

Big Bang
Tj Steyn
Peter Barrett
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Vinnie Falco
Mark Rosenthal

Supernova
Grace Biaelcki
Glenn Sugden
Ethan Cohen
Stephen Wilcox
Robert Ilardi
Tristan Lucian Claudius Aurelius Tyacke
Mark Heising

Hypernova
Thomas Mouton
Zachary Haberman
Spencer Jones
Dean Galvin
Mike Purvis
Michael Tidwell
Stephen Saslow
Stephen Spidle
Massimiliano Pala
Justin Lloyd
David Giltinan
Kenneth See
Gregory Forfa
Alex Kern
Scott Gorlick
Paul Stehr-Green
Ben Delo
Scott Gray
Антон Кочков
John R. Slavik
Donal Botkin
Chuck Zegar
Cal Stephens
Daniel Muzquiz

Gamma Ray Burst
Keith Pasko
WILLIAM HAY III
Brian Cook
Reuben Brewer
Marcelo Garcia
Daron Woods
Russell Moore
Dori Lerner
Michael Good
Steven Giallourakis
Ian Williams
Łukasz Kuczera
Ayden Miller
Todd J Lerner
Sound Reason
Michael Clark
Collin Dutrow
Marion Lang
Kurt Gottselig
Bryan White
Eric Raschke
aaron pinto
Kacper Cieśla
Satwik Pani
Param Saxena
John De Witt
Nathaniel Bennett
Sandhya Devi
Darrell Stewart
Arko Provo Mukherjee
Christopher Wade
Daniel Donahue
Robert DeChellis
Tomaz Lovsin
Anthony Leon
Nick Hoffenstoffer III
Lori Ferris
Koen Wilde
Nicolas Katsantonis
Sean Owen
Richard Steenbergen
Chuck Lukaszewski
Jerry Thomas
John Anderson
Bradley Ulis
Craig Falls
Kane Holbrook
Steffen Bendel
Ross Story
Harsh Khandhadia
Michael Lev
Rad Antonov
Terje Vold
James Trimmier
Jeremy Soller
Paul Wood
Kent Durham
jim bartosh
John H. Austin, Jr.
Diana S Poljar
Faraz Khan
Almog Cohen
Daniel Jennings
Ben McIntosh
David Johnston
Michael Barton
Isaac Suttell
Mark Delagasse
Mark Daniel Cohen
Brandon Lattin
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Frederic Simon
Alex Gan
Matthew Johnson
Michael Purcell
John Funai
Adrien Molyneux
Bradley Jenkins
Vlad Shipulin
Walter Flinn
Thomas Dougherty
Zac Sweers
Dan Warren
Joseph Salomone

This is the history of Monsanto’s herbicides… Sponsored by Incogni – Use code veritasium at https://incogni.com/veritasium to get an exclusive 60% off.

If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

Sign up to the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates – https://ve42.co/Newsletter

We have a tabletop game launching! Pledge your support now – https://ve42.co/KickStarterD

▀▀▀
A huge thank you to Carey Gillam at the New Lede, Nathan Donley at the Center for Biological Diversity, and Bart Elmore at Ohio State University for their time and expertise on the topic.

A very special thank you to Prof. Dr. András Székács at the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences

Check out Carey Gillam’s books here — https://ve42.co/Gillam
Check out Bart Elmore’s book here — https://ve42.co/SeedMoney

The opening music track “Another Offering” is from https://audiomachine.com/

▀▀▀
0:00 An Unusual Enemy
5:18 Monsanto’s Secret Poison Problem
11:17 Vietnam and Agent Orange
14:08 Roundup
19:31 How Monsanto Controls Seeds
26:06 The Crop Mafia
31:10 The Monsanto Papers
41:18 How dangerous is Roundup really?

▀▀▀
References:

References can be found here – https://ve42.co/MonsantoReferences

Images & Video:

Image and video references can be found here – https://ve42.co/MonsantoVisuals

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, JT, Juan Benet, Justin Waters, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures and wolfee

▀▀▀
Writers: Gregor Čavlović, Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Producer & Director: Gregor Čavlović
Editor: Spencer Wright & Peter Nelson
Camera Operators: Gregor Čavlović, Henry van Dyck & Casper Mebius
Animators: Allama Nandi, Andrew Neet, Emma Wright, Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, Rokas Viksraitis & Saif Javed
Illustrators: Jakub Misiek, Maria Gusakovich, Veronika Pasynkova, Grace Nemanic, Isaac McRee, Nataly Zhuk & Hollisstudioo
Assistant Editor: James Stuart & Fabio Albertelli
Assistant Writer: Daniel Leonard
Sound Designer: Pavle Peric
Researchers: Callum Cuttle, Aakash Singh Bagga, Gabe Strong & HyoJeong Choi
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ren Hurley & Ben Powell
Production Team: Josh Pitt, Nicola Griffiths, Matthew Cavanagh, Rob Beasley Spence & Zoe Heron
Executive Producers: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

Vikings in Paraguay is a wild legend that surfaced about 70 years ago shortly after World War 2. I went down to Paraguay to investigate these claims and I actually did find a runic inscription! I also found the supposed megalithic walls that are part of this 70 year old legend. I did some further investigation and I believe I have solved the mystery! At least in part.

The Maps in my Videos are for Sale! Please use this specific link to make sure I get credit for your purchase 🙏🏻 Thanks for supporting my channel! – https://tr.ee/ZjS29AgzuW

My Book Enigmatic North America – https://a.co/d/c6s3EYE

El Ray Vikingo del Paraguay is the name of the old book I cite in the video

O Homem que Enterrou Hitler [The Man Who Buried Hitler] is the name of the book that cites the Brazilian General’s claims of attending a funeral in Paraguay. It is available on Amazon.

Abel Basti’s investigation into the claim – https://latinamericanpost.com/americas/heritage-en/the-intriguing-mystery-of-hitlers-alleged-final-resting-place-in-paraguay/

Note: I had to cancel the Colombia tour! I am going to try to get it set up again in the future.

Music by CO.AG Still Falling – https://www.patreon.com/c/u3550597/posts

00:00 Introduction
00:14 Best Maps in the World
00:25 A Lost Civilization?
01:09 A Nazi Anthropologist
01:45 The Viking King of Paraguay
02:19 6000 year old petroglyphs
03:55 Guerilla Marxist Kidnapping
04:13 A Runic inscription in Paraguay!
05:22 A Megalithic wall in Paraguay?
06:20 Red Flags!
08:12 Hitler Buried in Paraguay

The strange natural material that reshaped the world. Sponsored by Ground News –
Go to https://groundnews.com/Ve to see through media misconceptions and get all sides of every story. Subscribe to save 40% off the unlimited Vantage Plan through our link.

If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

▀▀▀
A huge thanks to Professor James Busfield, Dr. Katrina Cornish, and Dr. Judit Puskas

We’re incredibly grateful to Toby Samples and the team at ARDL for their time and expertise.

Thanks also to Joe Jackson, Dr. Kevin Krause, Dr. Peter Polyak, Donald Shultz, Professor Robert Weiss for all their help on the project.

▀▀▀
0:00 Where does rubber come from?
2:59 What is rubber?
5:10 Why is rubber so stretchy?
6:29 The problem with natural rubber
9:02 Cured Rubber
15:23 Vulcanisation
18:41 What rubber is used in tires?
22:54 How fungi could destroy the world economy
29:17 Synthetic rubber vs natural rubber
38:20 Why are some people allergic to latex?

▀▀▀
References: https://ve42.co/RubberRefs

Images & Video: https://ve42.co/RubberImgRefs

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, JT, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Walter Flinn, and wolfee.

▀▀▀
Writers – Sulli Yost & Casper Mebius
Producer & Director – Sulli Yost
Editors – Jack Saxon & Peter Nelson
Camera Operators – Adam Bonomo, Jacob Ruocchio-Cole, Henry van Dyck, Thomas Matheis, Derek Muller & Sulli Yost
Animators – Allama Nandi, Andrew Neet, Emma Wright, Ivy Tello, Fabio Albertelli & Rokas Viksraitis
Illustrators – Jakub Misiek & Maria Gusakovich
Assistant Editor – James Stuart
Researchers – HyoJeong Choi, Callum Cuttle & Gabe Strong
Thumbnail Designers – Ren Hurley, Ben Powell & Abdallah Rabah
Production Team – Zoe Heron, Casper Mebius, Josh Pitt, Rob Beasley Spence, Henry van Dyck & Sulli Yost
Executive Producers – Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound

The Nazca “Alien” Mummies of Peru have some unbelievable anomalies that are not being reported on in the press. They ALSO have multiple MAJOR red flags that are not being reported by the proponents. So in this video I am covering BOTH!

In 2024 and 2025 I went on a wild tridactyl mummies chase in Peru that has left me with more questions than answers BUT there is progress being made. Jesse Michels Documentary is making waves and more people than ever are not interested in the Mummies. I believe the government of Peru will soon start to fully cooperate with the scientific community for new DNA testing in order to get to the bottom of this.
LINKS 👇

The Maps behind me in the video are for Sale! Please use this specific link and be sure to let Muir War Maps know you heard about them through me! – muir-way.com?linkId=IH_20_yt&affluencerId=IH

🎥 My original documentary “Show me the Mummies” – https://youtu.be/GQDAeyI6wYE?si=6HC2Il0wCV5ajESc

📖 My Book – Enigmatic North America – https://a.co/d/iCzh2XG

Note: I had to cancel the Colombia tour! I am going to try to get it set up again in the future.

Jesse Michels (American Alchemy) Documentary – https://youtu.be/HxQN2tkQHs8?si=PvGojcDr-ffJ9P1V

Pillars of the Past YouTube Channel – https://youtu.be/KvqZuTMQKcg?si=lv26KwZu2gPqIUhE

Daniel Proctor’s Paper review and Analysis of Maria – https://youtu.be/U58YAJrz_nQ?feature=shared

Josh Mcdowell (Lawyer for the American Scientists) https://x.com/pikespeaklaw?s=21

DICOM Scans of the Tridactyls – https://tridactyls.org

Maria’s Initial DNA Results – https://www.the-alien-project.com/en/nazca-mummies-maria/

2021 Image of the Giant Decapitated Head – https://x.com/joscrios/status/1957434411768594620?s=46

My Appearance on The UFO Podcast – https://youtu.be/a4jQzSPPmLA?si=BIlDWXrlGxf1I3P8